Table 1.
General descriptive information on ongoing ESM-based feedback studies in the Belgian-Dutch Network for ESM research.
| # | Study/project name | PI/project lead | Aim | Study design(s) | Study population | Setting | Primary objective | Primary outcome measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CSP-DNA | B. Montagne | Evaluating feasibility and usability of using personalized ESM-based feedback on cognitive-behavioral patterns based to improve traditional joint crisis plans for individuals with borderline personality disorder | Pilot study | Borderline personality disorder | Psychiatric care | Assessing feasibility and usability of personalized ESM-based feedback | Qualitative interviews |
| 2 | DAILY | G. Kiekens | Developing individual risk monitoring models for non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and facilitate clinical management by providing insight in daily life functioning and relevant patterns of risk and behavior | Longitudinal observational study | HCPs and patients receiving mental health care | Secondary and tertiary care | Predicting individual risk | Self-injurious thoughts, urges and behaviors |
| 3 | ESM BD | M. Wichers | Investigating the utility of ESM and personalized feedback for the treatment of bipolar disorder | Qualitative study | Bipolar disorder | Tertiary care | Assessing patient and HCP perspectives on clinical utility of ESM | Qualitative interviews |
| 4 | ESM-MSD | M. Marcelis, R. Bakker |
Investigating whether ESM, integrating psychopathological symptoms, cognitive and motor-sensory tasks, is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in the context of early psychosis | Longitudinal observational study | First episode psychosis | Secondary and tertiary care | Assessing ESM data utility as a diagnostic and prognostic tool | ESM measures of psychotic experiences, positive and negative affect, motor and cognitive function |
| 5 | ESM PSY | M. Wichers | Investigating the utility of ESM and personalized feedback for the diagnostics of first episode psychosis | Qualitative implementation study | First episode psychosis | Tertiary care | Assessing HCP perspectives on clinical utility of ESM as a diagnostic instrument | Qualitative interviews |
| 6 | iCASE | M. Zuidersma, R.C. Oude Voshaar |
(1) Evaluating daily personal predictors of depressive symptoms and mood in older persons with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments. (2) Investigating the presence, nature and direction of the daily temporal association between depressive symptoms, cognitive performance and sleep in older individuals. (3) Evaluating the feasibility, usability and clinical value of ESM combined with wearables in older persons with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment | Observational single-subject study design | Persons≥60 years with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments | Psychiatric care and neurology (memory clinics) | Identifying daily triggers of depressive symptoms | Depressive symptoms |
| 7 | IMPACT | I. Myin-Germeys | Investigating (1) implementation feasibility of ACT-DL in Flemish routine mental healthcare, (2) the clinical feasibility and usability of ACT-DL, (3) its preliminary effectiveness, and (4) its generalizability across multiple settings | Pragmatic implementation pilot | Population with mental health problems | Secondary and tertiary care | Assessing feasibility and usability of ACT-DL | Adapted version of the MAUQ (includes usability and acceptability of the intervention) – therapist and client version Qualitative interviews |
| 8 | IMPROVE | I. Myin-Germeys | Evaluating the feasibility of implementing ESM in the clinic | Pilot study | HCPs and patients receiving mental health care | Tertiary care | Assessing feasibility of implementing ESM in the clinic | Adapted version of the MAUQ (including usability) Qualitative interviews |
| 9 | LIME | P. Delespaul, A. Beurskens, M. van Bokhoven |
(1) Investigating how ESM can be embedded as an mHealth tool to support functional analyses in referred patients with anxiety or sleeping problems in family medicine. (2) Investigating experiences from patients and their mental HCPs concerning the use of ESM | Action research | Patients with anxiety or sleeping problems Psychological assistants to the general practitioner |
Primary care (family medicine) | Assessing patient and mental HCP perspectives on the use of ESM | Qualitative interviews |
| 10 | Moe-i-teloos | C. van Heugten | Evaluating the (cost-)effectiveness of a 6-week ESM and feedback intervention for fatigue after brain injury | Non-randomized controlled trial | Stroke or traumatic brain injury | Primary (occupational therapy practice), secondary (hospital treatment), and tertiary care (rehabilitation center) | Decreasing fatigue | Fatigue Severity Scale |
| 11 | N1AP | C. Simons, M. Marcelis |
(1) Evaluating the consequences of dose reduction of antipsychotic medication by detecting meaningful within-subject changes in daily life mental states that occur during and after dose reduction. (2) Determining the clinical effects of dose reduction of antipsychotic medication under longitudinal ESM self-monitoring by meta-analyzing 30 N = 1 trials to investigate aggregated-level trends in the effects of dose reduction | Multiple (n = 30) N = 1 trials | Psychotic disorder | Secondary and tertiary care | Dose-optimization | ESM measures of psychotic experiences, subjective wellbeing, social functioning, cognition, sleep, dopamine super-sensitivity, negative symptoms |
| 12 | PETRA | H. Riese, M. Wichers |
Implementing ESM in psychiatric care by developing an intuitive web-based interface that helps to design a personalized ESM diary and automatically provides dynamical visual feedback | Implementation study | Transdiagnostic | Secondary and tertiary care | Developing a clinical personalized ESM tool | Design thinking, qualitative interviews, evaluation questionnaires |
| 13 | SELFIE | U. Reininghaus | Investigating the efficacy of a novel, accessible, transdiagnostic ecological momentary intervention (EMI) for improving self-esteem (‘SELFIE’) in youth aged 12–26 with prior exposure to childhood adversity | RCT | Youth (12–26 y.o.) with prior exposure to childhood adversity | Secondary care and general population | Improving self-esteem | Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale |
| 14 | Therap-i | H. Riese | Investigating the efficacy of personalized ESM and ESM-based feedback (Therap-i module) integrated in outpatient psychological treatment for depression (treatment as usual) | RCT | Major depressive disorder | Tertiary care | Decreasing depressive symptoms | Inventory of depressive symptomatology (IDS-SR) |
| 15 | ZELF-i | J.A. Bastiaansen | Investigating the efficacy of self-monitoring and personalized feedback as an add-on tool in the treatment of depressive complaints in a natural setting | RCT | Major depressive disorder | Secondary care | Decreasing depressive symptoms | Inventory of depressive symptomatology (IDS-SR) |
ACT-DL: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life. ESM: experience sampling method. NA: not applicable. PI: principal investigator. RCT: Randomized controlled trial. MAUQ: mHealth App Usability Questionnaire. HCP: healthcare professional. Note: This overview was last updated in October 2022.