Table-7.
Bivariate logistic regression analysis for the risk factor associated with carriage due to positivity of ESBL-PE, PABL, and CP-E among hospitalized patients, Northwest, Ethiopia.
| Study variables | Categories | Bivariate analysis for ESBL-PE, PABL, and CP-E among hospitalized patients |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESBL-PE |
PABL |
CP-E |
||||||||
| Frequency (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | Frequency (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | Frequency (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Gender | Male | 65 (30.5) | 0.63 (0.43–2.08) | 0.058 | 11 (5.2) | 1.11 (0.23–1.81) | 0.051 | 23 (13.5) | 0.95 (0.11–1.14) | 0.085 |
| Female | 37 (21.8) | 1 | 10 (5.9) | 1 | 29 (13.6) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Age | ≤5 | 13 (18.6) | 1 | 3 (4.3) | 1 | 14 (20) | 1 | |||
| 6–20 | 24 (36.4) | 0.14 (0.56–3.56) | 0.312 | 1 (1.5) | 2.02 (0.04–3.09) | 0.555 | 8 (12.1) | 1.08 (0.55–1.58) | 0.177 | |
| 21–35 | 20 (22.2) | 2.01 (1.81– 3.71) |
0.125 | 5 (5.6) | 0.90 (0.50–1.20) | 0.310 | 5 (5.6) | 1.35 (0.44–4.65) | 0.881 | |
| 36–50 | 30 (23.1) | 2.28 (0.71–4.33) | 0.156 | 7 (5.4) | 1.06 (0.08–1.15) | 0.01 | 7 (5.4) | 1.22 (1.06–7.31) | 0.598 | |
| ≥51 | 15 (55.6) | 0.58 (0.27–3.76) | 0.09 | 5 (18.5) | 4.09 (1.13–6.60) | 0.041 | 18 (66.7) | 1.04 (0.39–2.75) | 0.035 | |
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Educational status | No formal education | 38 (54.3) | 0.18 (0.02–0.97) | 0.813 | 6 (8.6) | 1.04 (0.63–1.73) | 0.741 | 32 (45.7) | 2.11 (1.02–4.58) | 0.773 |
| Primary (1–8 grade) | 18 (24.3) | 0.12 (0.05–0.92) | 0.437 | 4 (5.4) | 3.01 (2.04–4.01) | 0.651 | 9 (12.2) | 0.12 (0.08–2.37) | 0.181 | |
| Secondary (9-12) | 21 (11.7) | 1.02 (0.91–2.06) | 0.052 | 3 (1.7) | 0.36 (0.08–2.03) | 0.027 | 4 (5) | 2.01 (0.99–3.07) | 0.155 | |
| Tertiary (college and above) | 25 (42.4) | 1 | 8 (13.6) | 1 | 7 (11.9) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Marital status | Single | 9 (15.5) | 1.27 (1.05–4.67) | 0.092 | 2 (3.4) | 1.37 (0.44–3.92) | 0.011 | 11 (19) | 0.90 (0.04–1.11) | 0.220 |
| Married | 55 ((23.9) | 1 | 11 (4.8) | 1 | 14 (6.1) | 1 | ||||
| Divorced | 26 ((38.8) | 0.28 (0.71–2.33) | 0.325 | 7 (10.4) | 5.01 (2.10–6.09) | 0.099 | 17 (23.4) | 2.11 (0.98–5.03) | 0.670 | |
| Widow | 12 (42.9) | 0.44 (0.17–2.76) | 0.03 | 1 (3.6) | 2.11 (1.11–4.09) | 0.058 | 10 (35.7) | 0.71 (0.86–2.97) | 0.880 | |
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Occupational status | Civil servant | 22 (41.5) | 1 | 5 (9.4) | 1 | 13 (24.5) | 1 | |||
| Merchant | 27 (32.5) | 0.47 (0.22–3.01) | 0.652 | 3 (3.6) | 5.05 (2.09–6.08) | 0.665 | 14 (16.9) | 3.11 (3.01–4.04) | 0.221 | |
| Student | 7 (7.6) | 0.54 (0.09–2.01) | 0.01 | 1 (1.1) | 2.05 (1.09–3.08) | 0.640 | 8 (8.7) | 1.11 (0.01–4.04) | 0.330 | |
| Farmer | 36 (65.5) | 1.03 (0.99–4.05) | 0.441 | 9 (16.4) | 0.15 (1.06–1.01) | 0.990 | 6 (10.9) | 0.99 (0.05–2.09) | 0.441 | |
| Others* | 10 (10) | 0.13 (0.05–1.09) | 0.555 | 3 (3) | 0.41 (0.01–1.88) | 0.066 | 11 (11) | 1.93 (0.09–2.06) | 0.223 | |
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Residence | Urban | 61 (23.8) | 1 | 12 (4.7) | 1 | 17 (13.4) | 1 | |||
| Rural | 41 (32.3) | 1.05 (0.07–3.01) | 0.021 | 9 (7.1) | 0.77 (0.61–2.03) | 0.057 | 35 (13.7) | 0.22 (0.99–1.99) | 0.559 | |
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| GIT complains | Yes | 49 (31.2) | 2.05 (0.01–4.21) | 0.244 | 9 (5.7) | 0.61 (0.60–1.66) | 0.442 | 28 (17.8) | 1.92 (0.99–2.11) | 0.080 |
| No | 53 (23.5) | 1 | 12 (5.5) | 1 | 24 (10.6) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Previous antibiotic history | Yes | 23 (50) | 2.16 (1.09–6.50) | 0.01 | 13 (28.3) | 0.81 (0.11–2.05) | 0.03 | 23 (50) | 0.99 (0.35–2.01) | 0.05 |
| No | 79 ((23.4) | 1 | 8 (2.4) | 1 | 29 (8.6) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Prolonged hospitalization | Yes | 11 (40.7) | 0.11 (0.01–1.08) | 0.021 | 4 (14.8) | 0.70 (0.21–1.05) | 0.999 | 15 (55.6) | 1.12 (0.31–1.89) | 0.451 |
| No | 91 (25.6) | 1 | 17 (4.8) | 1 | 37 (10.4) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21 (5.5) | 52 (13.6) | |||||||
| Admission ward | Medical | 44 ((40) | 0.61 (0.02–1.01) | 0.881 | 5 (4.5) | 1.12 (0.91–2.09) | 0.441 | 15 (13.6) | 2.01 (2.06–3.04) | 0.332 |
| Surgical | 26 (33.3) | 0.55 (0.01–0.89) | 0.001 | 3 (3.8) | 1.32 (0.76–2.45) | 0.840 | 7 (9) | 1.01 (0.88–2.22) | 0.055 | |
| Gynecology | 5 (7.1) | 1.13 (0.01–3.06) | 0.507 | 2 (2.9) | 0.45 (0.21–1.38) | 0.770 | 5 (7.1) | 1.34(1.02–2.98) | 0.562 | |
| Pediatrics | 6(10.9) | 1 | 1(1.8) | 1 | 10(18.2) | 1 | ||||
| ICU | 20(34.5) | 0.45(0.02–1.19) | 0.801 | 7(12.1) | 3.22(1.06–7.31) | 0.222 | 13(22.4) | 1.04(0.39–2.75) | 0.054 | |
| others | 1(6.25) | 1.67 (1.08–2.17) | 0.661 | 3(18.75) | 0.52(0.143–0.96) | 0.330 | 2(12.5) | 1.04(0.91–1.89) | 0.771 | |
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21(5.5) | 52(13.6) | |||||||
| Underlying comorbidity | Yes | 5(27.8) | 0.14 (0.52–6.12) | 0.001 | 1(5.6) | 0.99(0.22–1.65) | 0.058 | 4(22.2) | 1.01(0.04–1.15) | 0.150 |
| No | 97(26.6) | 1 | 20(5.5) | 1 | 48(13.2) | 1 | ||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21(5.5) | 52(13.6) | |||||||
| Frequent hand washing habit | Yes | 55(17.9) | 1.19 (0.33–2.32) | 0.01 | 13(4.2) | 1.91(0.88–1.44) | 0.221 | 16(5.2) | 1.04(0.44–1.89) | 0.276 |
| No | 47(61.8) | 1 | 8(10.5) | 1 | 36(47.4) | |||||
| Total | 102 (26.6) | 21(5.5) | 52(13.6) | |||||||
COR-Crude odds ratio, CI-Confidence interval.