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. 2023 Sep 11;9(9):e20051. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20051

Table 4.

Percentage difference in flexural modulus before and after treatment with ZnONPs.

Sample Flexural modulus (MPa) Increment (%) Decrement (%)
1 layer prior and upon treating with 1% ZnONPs 3000/3174 5.5%
1 layer prior and upon treating with 2% ZnONPs 3000/3288 8.8%
1 layer prior and upon treating with 3% ZnONPs 3000/2904 3.3%
1 layer prior and upon treating with 4% ZnONPs 3000/2819 6.4%
1 layer prior and upon treating with 5% ZnONPs 3000/2701 11.1%
2 layer prior and upon treating with 1% ZnONPs 3562/3794 6.1%
2 layer prior and upon treating with 2% ZnONPs 2562/3919 9.1%
2 layer prior and upon treating with 3% ZnONPs 3562/3401 4.7%
2 layer prior and upon treating with 4% ZnONPs 3562/3318 7.4%
2 layer prior and upon treating with 5% ZnONPs 3562/3157 12.8%
3 layer prior and upon treating with 1% ZnONPs 4003/4181 4.2%
3 layer prior and upon treating with 2% ZnONPs 4003/4316 7.3%
3 layer prior and upon treating with 3% ZnONPs 4003/3892 2.9%
3 layer prior and upon treating with 4% ZnONPs 4003/3704 8.1%
3 layer prior and upon treating with 5% ZnONPs 4003/3685 8.6%
4 layer prior and upon treating with 1% ZnONPs 4993/5171 3.5%
4 layer prior and upon treating with 2% ZnONPs 4993/5310 5.9%
4 layer prior and upon treating with 3% ZnONPs 4993/4818 3.6%
4 layer prior and upon treating with 4% ZnONPs 4993/4619 6.4%
4 layer prior and upon treating with 5% ZnONPs 4993/4592 8.7%