Table 1.

Three-factor matrix used for lipase biosynthesis using semi-solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus flavipes on Nigella sativa residuals and the predicted value of every point of Box-Behnken and ANN models.

Runa		Independent variable (Coded value)			Lipase (U)
					Actual ± SD	Box-Behnken		ANN
		X1	X2	X3		Predicted	Residual	Predicted	Residual
1	Training	−1	−1	0	192.43 ± 2.62	192.22	0.21	192.96	−0.53
2	Validation	−1	1	0	81.99 ± 1.95	75.37	6.62	79.31	2.68
3	Training	1	−1	0	95.23 ± 2.44	101.85	−6.61	94.51	0.73
4	Validation	1	1	0	166.13 ± 3.18	166.34	−0.22	157.24	8.88
5	Training	0	−1	−1	146.46 ± 2.06	142.03	4.43	145.69	0.77
6	Validation	0	−1	1	183.73 ± 5.00	181.76	1.97	181.58	2.15
7	Validation	0	1	−1	149.37 ± 3.41	151.34	−1.97	150.21	−0.84
8	Training	0	1	1	115.67 ± 2.75	120.10	−4.43	115.58	0.09
9	Training	−1	0	−1	153.62 ± 3.93	158.27	−4.65	153.70	−0.08
10	Training	1	0	−1	168.63 ± 4.30	166.45	2.19	171.01	−2.38
11	Training	−1	0	1	168.21 ± 3.68	170.39	−2.18	168.25	−0.04
12	Training	1	0	1	167.46 ± 3.27	162.81	4.64	168.13	−0.68
13	Training	0	0	0	218.51 ± 4.00	212.82	5.69	212.43	6.08
14	Validation	0	0	0	211.46 ± 2.36	212.82	−1.36	212.43	−0.98
15	Training	0	0	0	208.48 ± 5.55	212.82	−4.34	212.43	−3.96
Level		Actual value			X1; Cultural humidity (ml water per gram substrate) X2; Surfactant concentration; Brij 35 (μl/g) X3; Inoculum density (spore/g)
Low (−1)		5	40	10000
Middle (0)		6	60	50005000
High (1)		7	80	100000000

^aTen experimental runs were used for ANN training, while 5 experimental runs were served for the ANN validation.