| Dimensions of Determinant | Factor | Impact | Behavior and Type of Technology | Odds ratio (95% CI)/Percentage | P value | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Environment | Social Support/Social Capital | |||||
| Not currently married versus married | Negative | Use (Patient portal) | 0.17 (0.06–0.52) | P = .001 | Arcury et al., 2017* | |
| Married (as compared to not married) | Positive | Use (Internet via mobile technology or computer) | 64.30% | P < .01 | Arcury et al., 2020* | |
| Living with a spouse (as compared to not living with a spouse) ** | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.38 (1.19–1.59) | P < .001 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Living alone (as opposed to living with someone) ** | Negative | Never used as opposed to use (Internet and computer) | 0.78 (0.48–1.24) | P < .05 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013b* | |
| Have at least 1 living child (as compared to not having at least 1 living child) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.47 (1.18–1.84) | P < .001 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Have at least 1 living sibling (as compared to not having at least 1 living sibling) | Negative | Use (Internet and computer) | 0.81(0.68–0.99) | P < .05 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Support from family and friends | – | Use (Electronic device) | – | – | Gallo et al., 2021 (q) | |
| Household structure (1 person as compared to 2/3 or more persons) | – | Internet use (via mobile technology or computer) | 45.70% | P .08 | Arcury et al., 2020 n.s. | |
| Care partner (having a care partner as compared to not having a care partner) | – | Internet use (via mobile technology or computer) | 48.40% | P .09 | Arcury et al., 2020 n.s. | |
| Worked for pay last month (as compared to have not worked for pay last month) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.65 (1.34–2.03) | P < .001 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Did formal volunteering last month (as compared to did not involve in formal volunteering last month) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.33 (1.09–1.62) | P < .01 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Visited family/friend last month (as compared to have not visited family/friend last month) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) | P < .05 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Attended religious service last month (as compared to did not attended religious service last month) | Negative | Use (Internet and computer) | 0.82 (0.73–0.94) | P < .05 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Attended clubs/classes/organized activities last month (as compared to have not attended clubs/classes/organized activities last month) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.73 (1.46–2.05) | P < .001 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Went out for enjoyment last month (as compared to have not gone out for enjoyment last month) | Positive | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.69 (1.36–2.08) | P < .001 | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a* | |
| Provided informal caregiving last month (as compared to have not provided informal caregiving last month) | – | Use (Internet and computer) | 1.00 (0.83–1.19) | Not reported | Choi & DiNitto, 2013a n.s. | |
| Technological Environment | Accessibility of technology + | |||||
| Number of e-devices (Having two or more e-devices in their homes as compared to those with one or no home e-devices | Positive | Use (Internet via mobile technology or computer) | 82.10% | P < .01 | Arcury et al., 2020* | |
| Lack of technology | – | Use (patient portal) | – | – | Latulipe et al., 2015 (q) | |
| Individual device needs | – | Use (Internet) | – | – | Kim and Gray, 2016 (q) | |
| Access barriers - maintaining the technical resources needed to support an IVA | – | Intention to use (IVA) | – | – | Nallam et al., 2020 (q) | |
| Problems with broadband services. | – | Use (Internet) | – | – | Kim and Gray, 2016 (q) | |
| Preference for wi-fi | – | Use (Internet) | – | – | Kim and Gray, 2016 (q) | |
| Technical support needs | – | Use (Internet) | – | – | Kim and Gray, 2016 (q) | |
| Computer and Internet use training program | Positive | Use (Email/Internet) | Pretest = 5.2%, Posttest = 40.3% | P < .0005 | Kim et al., 2021* | |
| Physical Environment | Housed(as compared to those who have not regained housing/homeless) | Positive | Use (Internet and mobile technology) | AOR (95% CI) 3.81 (1.77–8.21) | P < .001 | Raven et al., 2018* |
| Urban(as compared to rural clinic) | Positive | Use (patient portal) | 12.21 (3.05–48.87) | P < .01 | Arcury et al., 2017* | |
| Organizational Characteristics | Insurance status | |||||
| Health insurance - private insurance versus none | – | Use (patient portal) | 0.73 (0.11–5.07) | 0.86 | Arcury et al., 2017 n.s. | |
| Health insurance- Government insurance versus none | – | Use (patient portal) | 0.61 (0.09–4.10) | Not reported | Arcury et al., 2017 n.s. |
Note. *significant, n.s. nonsignificant, ** contradictory, ^no correlation conducted, (β) logit coefficients, + aggregated and self-coded, (q) qualitative data.