Table 2.

Tentative compounds in DH-P and standard compounds identified through Orbitrap and Compound Discoverer analysis.

Tentative Compound	Formula [H+ adduct]	RT (min)	Precursor ion (m/z) adduct	Type of metabolite	Biological activity and function	References
I. Secondary metabolites
Choline	C5H14NO	0.37	104.1070	Alkaloid	Vitamin-like, neurotransmitter, regulation of water resorption and photosynthesis for plants	[31]
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5′HMF)	C6H7O3	0.41	127.0389	Furan	Suppression of cancer cell migration and invasion	[30]
Trigonelline	C7H8NO2	0.43	138.0550	Alkaloid	Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and neuroprotective agent	[28]
Tropine	C8H16NO	0.49	142.1227	Alkaloid	Substance in the biosynthesis of alkaloid compounds	[22]
4-Guanidinobutyric acid (4-GBA)	C5H12N3O2	0.50	146.0924	Alkaloid	Anticancer and reduction of gastric lesions	[32]
Salicylic acid	C7H7O3	0.53	139.0390	Phenolic	Plant hormone and antimicrobial	[23]
Pipecolic acid	C6H12NO2	0.55	130.0863	Alkaloid	Immune regulator and a precursor for the biosynthesis of biological metabolites	[25]
Nicotinamide	C6H7N2O	0.63	123.0553	Alkaloid	A precursor of nicotinic acid	[28]
Acetophenone	C8H9O	0.77	121.0648	Phenolic	Antimicrobial and inhibition of superoxide anion in neutrophil	[33]
5-Aminolevulinic acid	C5H10NO3	0.95	132.1019	Alkaloid	Signaling molecule and enhancement of plant growth under abiotic stress	[26]
4-Acetamidobutanoic acid	C6H12NO3	1.19	146.0811	Alkaloid	A precursor of the neurotransmitter GABA	[27]
3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (BHT-CHO)	C15H23O2	5.88	235.1693	Phenolic	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	[34]
II. Nucleotide and derivatives
Cytidine	C9H14N3O5	0.51	244.0927
Dihydrothymine	C5H9N2O2	0.56	129.0658		Intermediate in thymine metabolism
Adenosine	C10H14N5O4	1.09	268.1039
III. Amino acid and derivatives
dl-Arginine	C6H15N4O2	0.36	175.1189
Asparagine	C4H9N2O3	0.38	133.0607
l-Aspartic acid	C4H8NO4	0.39	134.0447
l-Glutamic acid	C5H10NO4	0.40	148.0604
D-(+)-Proline	C5H10NO2	0.44	116.0706
l-Valine	C5H12NO2	0.52	118.0862
l-Pyroglutamic acid	C5H8NO3	0.83	130.0500
l-Norleucine	C6H14NO2	0.88	132.1020		Suppression of metastasis of gastric and breast cancer cells	[24]
Leucine	C6H14NO2	0.93	132.1020
l-Phenylalanine	C9H12NO2	1.48	166.0863
IV. Standard compound
Dendrobine	C16H26NO2	3.14	264.1955	Alkaloid	Induction of cell apoptosis in lung cancer cells	[12]
Coumarin	C9H7O2	4.56	147.0440	Phenolic	Antioxidant, UV protective, and anticancer activities	[9]
Quercetin	C15H11O7	5.37	303.0498	Flavonol	Antioxidant, UV protective, and anticancer activities	[9]
Gigantol	C16H19O4	5.42	275.1273	Bibenzyl	Suppression of metastasis of lung cancer cells	[2]