Table 2.
Means (±SE) element analyses of unfermented and fermented tap water and washed rice water (WRW). All units are in mg kg−1 unless otherwise indicated.
| Parameters | Unfermented WRW | R3 | Tap Water |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 6.53 ± 0.02 | 4.53 ± 0.08 | 6.58 ± 0.02 |
| EC (μS cm−1) | 285.83 ± 34.53 | 551.30 ± 21.42 | 125.36 ± 28.21 |
| Total C | 2850.23 ± 120.74 | 2160.43 ± 401.23 | 30.02 ± 2.23 |
| S | 110.10 ± 40.39 | 120.62 ± 10.57 | 100.21 ± 10.31 |
| Total N | 160.11 ± 5.20 | 220.11 ± 41.62 | 30.20 ± 4.12 |
| NH4–N | 10.50 ± 1.68 | 11.80 ± 0.36 | 1.44 ± 0.04 |
| NO3–N | 5.48 ± 1.41 | 5.40 ± 0.06 | 1.45 ± 0.03 |
| P | 90.92 ± 3.76 | 209.81 ± 11.21 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| K | 118.11 ± 14.21 | 135.80 ± 9.22 | 5.74 ± 0.15 |
| Ca | 8.52 ± 2.10 | 13.61 ± 0.53 | 10.95 ± 0.06 |
| Mg | 27.9 ± 1.76 | 66.81 ± 3.22 | 0.97 ± 0.06 |
| Cu | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | trace |
| Zn | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | trace |
| B | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | trace |
| Bacterial population (CFU mL−1) | 1.12 × 102 ± 101 | 2.12 × 108 ± 103 | – |
Note: − is not detected; R3 is washed rice water fermented for three days; CFU is colony-forming units.