. 2023 Sep 17;9(9):e20251. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20251

Table A.2.

The estimation results of system GMM for IQ and sub-indices by income-group analysis: LE is depended variable. (Eq (2))

Variables		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Constant	HI	3.8539	4.1612	3.9352	3.9792	3.8671	3.9182	3.9640
Constant	LI	1.8632	1.5790	2.2081	2.1516	1.6280	2.1572	1.9667
LE_it-1	HI	.9330**	.9378**	.9346**	.9367**	.9320**	.9316**	.9312**
LE_it-1	LI	.9442**	.9437**	.9438**	.9446**	.9463**	.9451**	.9439**
IQ	HI	.1150**	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
IQ	LI	−.0514	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
CC	HI	⁎	−.0412**	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
CC	LI	⁎	−.1309**	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
VA	HI	⁎	⁎	.0440**	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
VA	LI	⁎	⁎	.0570**	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎
PS	HI	⁎	⁎	⁎	.0436**	⁎	⁎	⁎
PS	LI	⁎	⁎	⁎	.0133**	⁎	⁎	⁎
RL	HI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	.1251**	⁎	⁎
RL	LI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	−.1169	⁎	⁎
RQ	HI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	.1519**	⁎
RQ	LI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	−.0416	⁎
GE	HI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	.1298**
GE	LI	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	⁎	−.0733
HE	HI	.0378**	.0545**	.04341**	.0478**	.0356**	.0343**	.0368**
HE	LI	.0487**	.0480**	.0482**	.0132**	.0475**	.0480**	.0472**
LGDP	HI	.0913**	.0477**	.0759**	.0658**	.0949**	.0957**	.0934**
LGDP	LI	.1919**	.2037**	.1806**	.0488**	.1975**	.1751**	.1836**
MYS	HI	−.0381	−.0410	−.0375	−.0409	−.0373	−.0338	−.0342
MYS	LI	.2312**	.2358**	.2225**	.2240**	.2225**	.2291**	.2247**
UR	HI	−.0035**	−.0041**	−.0033**	−.0038**	−.0038**	−.0039**	−.0036**
UR	LI	−.0096**	−.0099**	−.0086**	−.0091**	−.0099**	−.0095**	−.0088**
LCO₂	HI	−.0585**	−.0138**	−.0427**	−.0324**	−.0596**	−.0673**	−.0649**
LCO₂	LI	−.42,981**	−.4344**	−.4258**	−.4235**	−.4311**	−.4220**	−.4187**

*, **, and *** Denote significance level at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively.