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. 2023 Sep 16;9(9):e20243. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20243

Table 3.

Multi-group SEM Model to predict self-reported intimidation (active bullying) behaviors.

Group 1: Males
Path SPC S.E. C.R. P
Intimidation Risk Perception −.096 .009 −1.879 **
Intimidation Academic Performance −.211 .008 −4.081 ***
Intimidation Sensation Seeking .108 .008 2.273 *
Intimidation Interaction with ICTs −.029 .006 −.604 .546
Intimidation Parental Conflict .105 .003 2.029 *
Intimidation Psychological Distress .112 .014 2.094 *
Intimidation

Life Satisfaction
−.129
.012
−2.411
*
Group 2: Females
Path
SPC1
S.E.2
C.R.3
p4
Intimidation Risk Perception −.150 .005 −2.977 **
Intimidation Academic Performance −.005 .004 −.104 .917
Intimidation Sensation Seeking .002 .004 .048 .962
Intimidation Interaction with ICTs −.160 .004 −3.02 **
Intimidation Parental Conflict .111 .002 2.172 *
Intimidation Psychological Distress −.004 .005 −.071 .944
Intimidation Life Satisfaction −.025 .005 −.470 .639

Notes:1 SPC = Standardized Path Coefficients (can be interpreted as β-linear regression weights); 2 S E. = Standard Error; 3 C R. = Critical Ratio; 4 p-values; *Significant at the level <0.050; **Significant at the level <0.010; ***Significant at the level <0.001.