Table 4.
Most frequently observed fire risk factors in the apparel industry.
| Code | Risk factors | Source |
|---|---|---|
| F1 | Narrow egress aisles/exit discharge | Anner [62]; Accord [61] |
| F2 | Length exceeding common path of egress travel and dead-end aisles | Nilufar & Choiti [29]; Mahmood et al. [63] |
| F3 | In-swing doors at the exit discharge | Yilmaz et al. [25] |
| F4 | Non-standard (collapsible/sliding/rolling shutter) doors at exits | Rathnayake et al. [64] |
| F5 | Egress doors/gates with non-standard locking features | Islam & Roman [5]; Accord [61] |
| F6 | No handrails for exit stairs | Barua et al. [41] |
| F7 | Closely located exits (a single fire event can compromise both exits) | Nilufar & Choiti [29] |
| F8 | Lack of fire training and drills | Omidvari et al. [27] |
| F9 | Material storage in the egress path/exit stair | Khan et al. [23] |
| F10 | Absence of stair designation signs/occupant load signs | Nilufar & Choiti [29] |
| F11 | Utility machinery unseparated by fire-rated construction | Expert feedback |
| F12 | Exit stairs unseparated by fire-rated construction | Khan et al. [23] |
| F13 | Improper separation of exterior exit stairs from the building | Haque et al. [43] |
| F14 | Unsealed penetrations in the floor/ceiling assemblies/stair enclosures | Wei et al. [65]; Accord [61] |
| F15 | Inadequate fire separation for fire pump room | Wiersma [10] |
| F16 | Combustible storage unseparated by fire-rated construction | Dârmon [28]; Accord [61] |
| F17 | Unseparated exit discharge path from the building interior | Expert feedback |
| F18 | Absence of ‘No Smoking’ sign | Omidvari et al. [27] |
| F19 | Smoke/fire detection alarms inaudible throughout the building | Yilmaz et al. [25]; Wang et al. [24] |
| F20 | Floor area exceeding standard size without automatic sprinkler | Khandoker et al. [44] |
| F21 | Floor exceeding standard height without a standpipe | Wei et al. [65]; Accord [61] |
| F22 | Non-standard Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance (ITM) | Dârmon [28] |
| F23 | Inadequate lighting along egress routes | Wang et al. [24]; Accord [61] |
| F24 | Misplaced/non-functional exit signs | Barua et al. [41] |
| F25 | Manual on-off switches for emergency lighting/exit signage units | Islam and Roman [5] |
| F26 | LNG/CNG cylinder storage within the factory building | Wang et al. [24] |
| F27 | Non-standard fire detection and protection system | Dârmon [28] |
| F28 | Inadequate means of egress for the occupant load | Khan et al. [23]; Accord [61] |
| F29 | Uncertified fire-rated doors | Rathnayake et al. [64]; Accord [61] |
| F30 | Faulty electrical panels at a non-standard location | Rathnayake et al. [64] |