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. 2023 Aug 7;27(10):5827–5839. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05194-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Physical characteristics of SD teeth. A Photographs and micro-CT images of the patient teeth revealed that the HPP + HCH tooth had hypomineralized enamel, dark-colored root, and an enlarged pulp cavity. B, C The HPP + HCH, CCD, and ACH teeth demonstrated significantly higher roughness on the buccal side, and all SD teeth showed lower roughness on the lingual side, compared with controls. D, E ACMICD and CCD showed significantly lower enamel microhardness values, while ACMICD and ACH exhibited significantly lower dentin microhardness values compared to their respective controls. F, G HPP + HCH and CCD exhibited significantly lower Ca/P ratios in both enamel and dentin, while ACMICD showed a significantly lower Ca/P ratio in dentin compared to their respective controls. *P value ≤ 0.05. **P ≤ 0.01. *** P ≤ 0.001. Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; CT, controls