Table 1.

Composition of saliva [5, 7–9, 28, 32, 131]

Components/metabolites
Water
Inorganic ions	K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, F−, HCO3−, H2PO4−, HPO42− [9, 131]
Abundant functional proteins	> 2200 proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, enzymes: amylase, lectin, glycoprotein, lysozyme, peroxidase, and lactoferrin) [9, 131, 132]
Lipids	Ammonia, fatty acids, triglycerides, neutral lipids, glycolipids, amino acids [9, 133, 134]
Hormones	Steroid hormones, cholesterol [9]
Mucins	MUC5B, MUC7, MUC19, MUC1, MUC4 [9, 135]
Glucose	[9]
Mucus	[131]
Urea	[9, 131]
Uric acid	[9, 131]
Microorganisms	> 700 [9]