Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included studies (n = 13)
| First author | Year | Country | Number of original studies (sample size) | Research type | Intervening measure | Comparison intervention | Outcome | Quality evaluation tool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McKeon, et al. [18] | 2021 | America | 28 (6418) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Face-to-face rehabilitation | WOMAC, KOOS, TUGT, satisfaction,cost | Not specified |
| McDonnell, et al. [19] | 2022 | Ireland | 11 (1054) | RCT | Video-conferencing | Face-to-face rehabilitation | Satisfaction,VAS, WOMAC,TUGT | Cochrane bias risk assessment tool |
| Jansson, et al. [20] | 2022 | Finland | 9 (1266) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Face-to-face outpatient treatment | Joint flexion and extension, TUGT, VAS, life quality,WOMAC, KOOS | JBI randomized controlled trial evaluation tool |
| Jiang, et al. [26] | 2018 | China | 4 (422) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Face-to-face rehabilitation | VAS, WOMAC, active buckling and extension | Jadad scale |
| Gazendam, et al. [27] | 2022 | Canada | 9 (835) | RCT | Virtual reality rehabilitation | Face-to-face rehabilitation | VAS, WOMAC, KOOS, cost | Cochrane risk assessment tool |
| Wang, et al. [30] | 2021 | Australia | 11 (1020) | RCT | Internet rehabilitation | Face-to-face outpatient rehabilitation, home visits or routine care | Pain, knee flexion and extension, quality of life, satisfaction | JBI randomized controlled trial evaluation tool |
| Jing, et al. [21] | 2019 | China | 6 (601) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Routine outpatient physical therapy or home visit | WOMAC, joint flexion and extension, VAS, KOOS, TUGT | Cochrane Manual 5.1.0 |
| Wang, et al. [23] | 2019 | Australia | 21 (2188) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Routine care | VAS, TUGT, WOMAC, life quality | PEDro scale |
| Tsang, et al. [24] | 2022 | China | 11 (1825) | RCT | Tele-rehabilitation | Standard rehabilitation therapy | VAS, WOMAC, KOOS, cost, adverse event | PEDro scale |
| Peng, et al. [28] | 2021 | China | 8 (805) | RCT | Virtual reality rehabilitation | Standard rehabilitation therapy | VAS, WOMAC, TUGT, life quality | PEDro scale |
| Blasco, et al. [29] | 2021 | Spain | 6 (312) | RCT, case–control study | Virtual reality rehabilitation | Standard rehabilitation therapy | Pain, patient satisfaction | PEDro scale |
| Shukla, et al. [25] | 2017 | India | 6 (408) | RCT, observational study | Tele-rehabilitation | Conventional rehabilitation | Active knee flexion and extension, VAS, life quality | Cochrane bias risk tool |
| Yoo, et al. [22] | 2022 | Korea | 9 (230) | RCT, prospective study | Robot-assisted rehabilitation | Usual care | VAS | Cochrane bias risk tool, NOS scale |
JBI Joanna Briggs Institute model of evidence-based healthcare, KOOS knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score, RCT randomized controlled trial, TKA total knee arthroplasty, TUGT timed up and go test, VAS pain visual analogue score, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index