Table 2.
The immunity and metabolism networks of host.
| Species | Immune signaling | Metabolic signaling | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogenic bacteria | Toll/IMD | IIS | Toll ⊣ AKT ⇥ Foxo → AMPs /catabolism | (130) |
| Hippo | Toll → Pelle → Dif → AMPs | (141) | ||
| Toll → Pelle →WTS ⊣ Yorkie | ||||
| MEF2 | Health condition: S6K → MEF2-P → anabolism | (131, 132) | ||
| Stimulation: IMD/Toll ⊣ S6K ⇒ MEF2-TBP ⊣ anabolism | ||||
| IMD/Toll ⊣ S6K ⇒ MEF2-TBP → AMPs | ||||
| TK | PGRP-LC → IMD ⊣ TK → Lipogenesis | (75) | ||
| ROS/Duox | TRAF3 | TRAF3 ⊣ AKT ⊣ TOR ⊣ S6K | (69) | |
| TRAF3 → AMPK ⊣ TOR → ATG1 → Catabolic | ||||
| P38-MAPK → Protein synthesis | (71) | |||
| P38-MAPK ⊣ ROS | ||||
| Nonpathogenic bacteria | IMD | IIS | Acetate → IIS | (99) |
| Acetate → PGRP-LC → Relish → TK ⊣ Lipid Accumulation | (105, 107) | |||
| TOR | Lactobacillus plantarum → IMD → Intestinal peptidase → TOR | (90, 91) | ||
| ROS/Duox | MKP3 | MKP3 ⊣ P38-MAPK → Low-level Duox | (121) |
“→” represents activation; “⊣” represents repression; “⇥” represents derepression; “⇒” represents induction.