Table 3.

The hypotheses and proposals for future in our review.

Hypotheses and proposals for future
• It is necessary to further investigate the distribution and diversity of microbial species in insect hemolymph.
• Investigate the correlation between the abundance and proliferation rate of hemolymph microbes and the nutritional status and immune response intensity of insects.
• Investigate the effects of hemolymph microorganisms on core metabolic pathways such as insulin signaling pathways of host insects.
• Identify the molecular mechanisms of interactions between specific effectors and host receptors in bacteria and determine how these interactions translate into effects on host insect immunometabolism.
• In addition to the core metabolic pathways, the convenient genetic manipulation techniques of Drosophila can be used to further explore the influence of specific microbial effectors in specific downstream metabolic pathways.
• The mechanism of microbial regulation of host immunometabolism in other insects also needs to be further studied, providing reference for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of microorganisms on host physiology and biochemistry.
• Sex as an important factor should be given more attention in the future about immunometabolic studies.
• With the advancement of technology, it is more beneficial to explore the systematic coordination mechanism of immune metabolism regulation within and between tissues by using cell sorting and metabolomics etc. technology in the future.
• Future immunometabolic studies should coordinate the regulation mechanism between nervous system with other tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates.