Table 1.

Meta-analyses reporting associations between ultra-processed food consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes*

Study	Risk increase (highest versus lowest exposure categories)
Chen et al (2023)19	Type 2 diabetes (40% higher risk)
Yuan et al (2023)20	Cardiovascular events (35% higher risk)
Wang et al (2022)21	Hypertension (23% higher risk)
Taneri et al (2022)22	All-cause mortality (29% higher risk)
Moradi et al (2021)23	Abdominal obesity (41% higher risk) Overweight (36% higher risk) Obesity(55% higher risk)
Lane et al (2021)24	Metabolic syndrome (81% higher odds)
Suksatan et al (2021)25	Cardiovascular mortality (50% higher risk) Cardiac mortality (66% higher risk)

^*When more than one meta-analysis was available for a given outcome, the most recent and complete (in terms of number of prospective studies included) was selected.