| 1.1 Irritability |
12 |
973 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.90 [‐1.25, ‐0.55] |
| 1.1.1 Aripiprazole vs placebo |
5 |
492 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.90 [‐1.52, ‐0.29] |
| 1.1.2 Risperidone vs placebo |
6 |
333 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.11 [‐1.47, ‐0.76] |
| 1.1.3 Lurasidone vs placebo |
1 |
148 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.15 [‐0.50, 0.19] |
| 1.2 Relapse |
2 |
56 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.30 [0.13, 0.68] |
| 1.3 Improvement |
4 |
470 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.08 [1.39, 3.12] |
| 1.3.1 Risperidone vs placebo |
2 |
167 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
3.37 [1.21, 9.43] |
| 1.3.2 Ariprazole vs placebo |
2 |
303 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.57 [1.09, 2.27] |
| 1.4 Aggression |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.4.1 Risperidone vs placebo |
1 |
77 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.44 [‐0.89, 0.01] |
| 1.5 Self‐injury |
1 |
30 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.43 [‐2.24, ‐0.61] |
| 1.5.1 Risperidone vs placebo |
1 |
30 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.43 [‐2.24, ‐0.61] |
| 1.6 Adverse effects: cardiovascular |
2 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.6.1 Tachycardia |
2 |
179 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
7.53 [1.40, 40.52] |
| 1.7 Adverse effects: gastrointestinal |
11 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.7.1 Abdominal pain |
4 |
400 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.70 [1.04, 7.07] |
| 1.7.2 Constipation |
7 |
596 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.36 [1.28, 4.34] |
| 1.7.3 Diarrhoea |
5 |
318 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.46, 1.88] |
| 1.7.4 Drooling |
2 |
313 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
9.64 [1.29, 72.10] |
| 1.7.5 Dyspepsia (indigestion) |
1 |
31 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
3.19 [0.14, 72.69] |
| 1.7.6 Dry mouth |
2 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.97 [0.75, 5.20] |
| 1.7.7 Hypersalivation |
5 |
449 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.15 [1.77, 9.71] |
| 1.7.8 Nausea |
4 |
531 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.47 [0.61, 3.56] |
| 1.7.9 Stomach ache |
2 |
166 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.50 [0.19, 1.32] |
| 1.7.10 Vomiting/nausea |
9 |
920 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.79 [1.16, 2.74] |
| 1.8 Adverse effects: immune system |
7 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.8.1 Cough |
3 |
444 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.50 [0.67, 3.34] |
| 1.8.2 Earache |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.10, 2.71] |
| 1.8.3 Flu‐like symptoms |
1 |
79 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.95 [0.38, 10.04] |
| 1.8.4 Pyrexia |
5 |
540 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.81 [0.85, 3.86] |
| 1.8.5 Sore throat |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.20 [0.63, 42.96] |
| 1.9 Adverse effects: metabolic (dichotomous) |
10 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.9.1 Decreased appetite |
4 |
426 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.12 [0.84, 5.33] |
| 1.9.2 Increased appetite |
8 |
702 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.38 [1.69, 3.34] |
| 1.9.3 Weight gain |
4 |
470 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.30 [0.84, 6.30] |
| 1.9.4 Thirst |
3 |
382 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.51 [0.59, 3.87] |
| 1.10 Adverse effects: metabolic (continuous) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.10.1 Weight gain (kg) |
1 |
23 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.35 [0.73, 3.97] |
| 1.11 Adverse effects: musculoskeletal |
2 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.11.2 Dyskinesia |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.08 [0.55, 7.87] |
| 1.11.3 Movement disorder |
1 |
82 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.50 [0.27, 111.14] |
| 1.11.4 Rigidity |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.20 [0.63, 42.96] |
| 1.12 Adverse effects: neurological |
11 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.12.1 Aggression |
4 |
461 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.12, 0.98] |
| 1.12.2 Agitation/excitation |
2 |
97 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.13, 1.62] |
| 1.12.3 Apathy |
1 |
79 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
10.73 [0.61, 187.79] |
| 1.12.4 Dizziness |
2 |
139 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.19 [1.10, 16.00] |
| 1.12.5 Drowsiness |
1 |
97 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.26 [0.95, 19.02] |
| 1.12.6 Extrapyramidal disorder |
1 |
216 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
7.83 [0.47, 130.01] |
| 1.12.7 Fatigue |
8 |
881 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.58 [1.68, 3.97] |
| 1.12.8 Headache |
6 |
597 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.63, 2.15] |
| 1.12.9 Hyperactivity |
3 |
305 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.13, 1.70] |
| 1.12.10 Hypersomnia |
2 |
282 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.67 [0.43, 16.52] |
| 1.12.11 Insomnia |
7 |
679 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.72 [0.50, 1.04] |
| 1.12.12 Lethargy |
1 |
216 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
6.58 [0.39, 110.35] |
| 1.12.13 Presyncope |
1 |
216 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.04, 22.72] |
| 1.12.14 Restlessness (akathisia) |
4 |
531 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.99 [0.40, 2.43] |
| 1.12.15 Sedation |
5 |
366 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.98 [1.15, 7.73] |
| 1.12.16 Somnolence |
9 |
869 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.84 [3.18, 7.36] |
| 1.12.17 Tremor |
5 |
574 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.99 [1.87, 19.19] |
| 1.13 Adverse effects: psychological |
4 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.13.1 Anxiety |
2 |
139 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.34 [0.65, 2.76] |
| 1.13.2 Depression |
2 |
79 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
3.86 [0.46, 32.60] |
| 1.14 Adverse effects: respiratory |
8 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.14.1 Ear infection |
1 |
66 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.62 [0.28, 112.84] |
| 1.14.2 Epistaxis |
1 |
66 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.62 [0.28, 112.84] |
| 1.14.3 Nasal congestion |
2 |
313 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.39 [0.52, 11.00] |
| 1.14.4 Nasopharyngitis |
6 |
702 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.26 [0.73, 2.17] |
| 1.14.5 Pharyngolaryngeal pain |
1 |
216 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.31 [0.06, 1.48] |
| 1.14.6 Rhinitis |
1 |
79 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.68 [0.93, 7.71] |
| 1.14.7 Upper respiratory tract infection |
6 |
640 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
2.15 [1.08, 4.27] |
| 1.15 Adverse effects: skin |
3 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.15.1 Bruise |
1 |
92 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.32 [0.03, 2.96] |
| 1.15.2 Rash |
2 |
228 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.14, 4.62] |
| 1.16 Adverse effects: urinary |
6 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.16.1 Enuresis |
6 |
552 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.12 [0.67, 1.86] |
| 1.17 Quality of life |
2 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.18 Tolerability/acceptability: loss to follow‐up |
13 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.19 Subgroup analysis: age ‐ irritability |
11 |
938 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.87 [‐1.24, ‐0.50] |
| 1.19.1 Adults only |
1 |
30 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.94 [‐1.70, ‐0.18] |
| 1.19.2 Children only |
10 |
908 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.87 [‐1.26, ‐0.47] |
| 1.20 Subgroup analysis: age ‐ aggression |
1 |
77 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐3.80 [‐7.61, 0.01] |
| 1.20.1 Children only |
1 |
77 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐3.80 [‐7.61, 0.01] |
| 1.21 Subgroup analysis: cognitive ability ‐ irritability |
10 |
925 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.91 [‐1.29, ‐0.52] |
| 1.21.1 Mixed IQ |
10 |
925 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.91 [‐1.29, ‐0.52] |
