Table 6.
Fatty acid profile (mg/g lipid) of the fillet in gilthead seabream fed the control and two basal diets supplemented with a mixture of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) at a dietary inclusion level of 0.1 (SPICY0.1%) and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%).
| Control | SPICY0.1% | SPICY0.15% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myristic acid (C14:0) | 8.60 ± 1.35 | 8.34 ± 1.59 | 8.72 ± 1.88 |
| Pentadecylic acid (C15:0) | 1.21 ± 0.10 | 1.14 ± 0.12 | 1.14 ± 0.11 |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 129.29 ± 3.49 | 125.17 ± 5.42 | 128.34 ± 9.20 |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) | 32.41 ± 1.39 | 32.20 ± 1.07 | 32.70 ± 0.64 |
| Lignoceric acid (C24:0) | 1.44 ± 0.16 | 1.49 ± 0.05 | 1.48 ± 0.28 |
| Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) | 173.63 ± 2.79 | 169.19 ± 7.07 | 172.77 ± 11.93 |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) | 33.50 ± 2.27 | 31.87 ± 2.63 | 34.05 ± 5.60 |
| Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) | 247.55 ± 10.03 | 239.58 ± 12.32 | 249.47 ± 23.17 |
| Eicosenoic acid (C20:1 n-9) | 3.39 ± 0.14 | 3.51 ± 0.35 | 3.26 ± 0.39 |
| Nervionic acid (C24:1 n-9) | 1.43 ± 0.22 | 1.54 ± 0.11 | 1.58 ± 0.14 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) | 285.59 ± 12.55 | 276.50 ± 13.65 | 287.93 ± 28.38 |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) | 143.89 ± 7.49 | 141.64 ± 5.88 | 143.51 ± 11.97 |
| Gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6) | 3.26 ± 0.37 | 3.44 ± 0.63 | 3.34 ± 0.12 |
| Arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6; ARA) | 5.03 ± 0.43 | 5.17 ± 0.34 | 5.06 ± 0.96 |
| n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) | 152.56 ± 8.17 | 150.26 ± 6.44 | 151.91 ± 11.40 |
| Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) | 9.82 ± 0.78 | 9.41 ± 0.75 | 9.92 ± 0.89 |
| Stearidonic acid (C18:4 n-3) | 1.56 ± 0.15 | 1.60 ± 0.25 | 1.64 ± 0.24 |
| Eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4 n-3) | 1.63 ± 0.23 | 1.65 ± 0.15 | 1.58 ± 0.17 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3; EPA) | 23.87 ± 2.38 | 22.58 ± 0.48 | 23.71 ± 3.64 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3) | 9.92 ± 1.22 | 9.60 ± 0.13 | 9.32 ± 0.55 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3; DHA) | 29.37 ± 2.75 | 30.83 ± 1.58 | 30.37 ± 4.95 |
| n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) | 77.88 ± 9.41 | 75.68 ± 2.29 | 76.39 ± 8.28 |
| Total PUFAs | 230.43 ± 15.81 | 225.94 ± 8.28 | 228.30 ± 12.78 |
| DHA/EPA | 1.23 ± 0.03a | 1.37 ± 0.08b | 1.28 ± 0.06ab |
| EPA + DHA | 53.24 ± 5.08 | 53.41 ± 1.62 | 54.07 ± 8.50 |
| n6/n3 | 1.97 ± 0.18 | 1.99 ± 0.06 | 2.01 ± 0.29 |
Non-represented fatty acids were not detected in the analysis. Values are represented as mean ± SD (n = 4 tanks per dietary group), and differences among groups (p ≤ 0.05) are indicated by the different superscript letters.