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. 2023 Sep 25;14:1222173. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222173

Table 8.

Bile acid profile in the gallbladder and the anterior intestine in gilthead seabream fed the control and two basal diets supplemented with a mixture of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) at a dietary inclusion level of 0.1 (SPICY0.1%) and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%).

Control SPICY0.1% SPICY0.15%
Gallbladder (mg/mL)
 T-CA 108.23 ± 9.59 108.89 ± 1.11 100.23 ± 8.14
 T-CDCA 47.67 ± 3.69 46.76 ± 5.14 46.76 ± 9.04
 Total BAs 155.90 ± 9.58 155.65 ± 5.62 146.98 ± 15.27
Anterior intestine (µg/mg)
 T-CA 30.00 ± 15.83 44.44 ± 13.05 34.32 ± 12.06
 T-CDCA 19.94 ± 13.72 23.90 ± 6.18 17.26 ± 4.26
 Total BAs 49.94 ± 29.41 68.34 ± 19.07 51.58 ± 16.28

Non-represented bile acids were not detected in the analysis. Values are represented as mean ± SD (n = 4 tanks per dietary group). T-CA, taurocholic acid; T-CDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; total BAs, total bile acids.