Table 5.

Nanocarrier drug release kinetics

Nanocarrier Type	Drug Type	Release Mechanism	Release Rate	pH Sensitivity	Stability	References
Liposomes	Doxorubicin	pH Gradient	Sustained	Acidic	Stable	[13]
Polymeric nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Diffusion	Controlled	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Dendrimers	Methotrexate	Swelling	Pulsatile	Basic	Unstable	[99]
Nanoemulsions	Docetaxel	Partitioning	Pulsatile	Acidic	Stable	[117]
Gold nanoparticles	Curcumin	Photothermal	Triggered	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Iron oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Magnetic field	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[121]
Lipid-based	Paclitaxel	Diffusion	Sustained	Acidic	Stable	[57]
Polymer-lipid hybrid	Cisplatin	Hydrolysis	Burst	Neutral	Unstable	[57]
Carbon-based	Cisplatin	Adsorption	Triggered	Neutral	Unstable	[90, 102]
Gold nanorods	Doxorubicin	Photothermal	Pulsatile	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Silica nanoparticles	Curcumin	pH-Responsive	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[88]
Polymer nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Erosion	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Liposomes	Curcumin	Gradient	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[13]
Gold nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Photothermal	Pulsatile	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Polymeric micelles	Docetaxel	Solubilization	Controlled	Neutral	Stable	[91]
Carbon nanotubes	Cisplatin	Diffusion	Sustained	Neutral	Unstable	[90, 102]
Metal–organic frameworks	Methotrexate	Degradation	Sustained	Basic	Unstable	[101]
Polymeric nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Degradation	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Liposomes	Methotrexate	pH Gradient	Controlled	Acidic	Stable	[13]
Dendrimers	Paclitaxel	Swelling	Controlled	Neutral	Unstable	[99]
Nanoemulsions	Curcumin	Partitioning	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[117]
Liposomes	Doxorubicin	pH Gradient	Sustained	Acidic	Stable	[13]
Polymeric nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Diffusion	Controlled	Neutral	Stable	[90, 102]
Dendrimers	Methotrexate	Swelling	Pulsatile	Basic	Unstable	[99]
Nanoemulsions	Docetaxel	Partitioning	Pulsatile	Acidic	Stable	[117]
Gold nanoparticles	Curcumin	Photothermal	Triggered	Neutral	Stable	[117]
Iron oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Magnetic field	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[121]
Lipid-based	Paclitaxel	Diffusion	Sustained	Acidic	Stable	[57]
Polymer-lipid hybrid	Cisplatin	Hydrolysis	Burst	Neutral	Unstable	[57]
Carbon-based	Cisplatin	Adsorption	Triggered	Neutral	Unstable	[90, 102]
Gold nanorods	Doxorubicin	Photothermal	Pulsatile	Neutral	Stable	[58]
Silica nanoparticles	Curcumin	pH-Responsive	Sustained	Neutral	Stable	[88]