Figure 1.

C. innocuum induces nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) and receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) expression. HT-29 cells were infected with C. innocuum at (A) multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 for 0–4 h, and (B) MOI of 0–100 for 4 h. Expression levels of NOD2 and RIP2 were determined using western blotting. The protein expression levels of NOD2 and RIP2 were quantified by densitometric analysis and normalized to β-actin level, respectively, and indicated at the bottom of each lane.