Table 4.
Associations Between Wheeze Trajectory and Allergic Comorbidities
| Allergic comorbidities | n | Early-onset |
Late-onset |
Persistent |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARR (95% CI)a | P | ARR (95% CI)a | P | ARR (95% CI)a | P | ||
| Allergic sensitization by 1.5 y | 760 | 0.21 (0.03-1.46) | .12 | 2.28 (1.49-3.48) | <.001 | 2.41 (1.37-4.25) | .002 |
| Allergic sensitization by 3 y | 705 | 1.32 (0.80-2.18) | .28 | 1.93 (1.45-2.58) | <.001 | 2.04 (1.39-3.01) | <.001 |
| Allergic sensitization by 5 y | 660 | 1.16 (0.81-1.64) | .42 | 1.34 (1.07-1.67) | .009 | 1.82 (1.46-2.28) | <.001 |
| Allergic sensitization by 8 y | 660 | 1.16 (0.96-1.40) | .12 | 1.11 (0.95-1.30) | .18 | 1.26 (1.08-1.46) | .003 |
| Eczema by 1.5 y | 709 | 1.75 (1.02-3.00) | .04 | 1.85 (1.27-2.70) | .001 | 2.46 (1.68-3.60) | <.001 |
| Eczema by 3 y | 672 | 1.42 (0.87-2.33) | .16 | 1.75 (1.28-2.41) | <.001 | 2.10 (1.46-3.01) | <.001 |
| Eczema by 5 y | 612 | 1.31 (0.82-2.10) | .26 | 1.62 (1.21-2.17) | .001 | 2.11 (1.58-2.83) | <.001 |
| Eczema by 8 y | 713 | 1.43 (0.95-2.15) | .09 | 1.70 (1.31-2.19) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.32-2.46) | <.001 |
| Rhinitis by 1.5 y | 729 | 1.55 (1.29-1.86) | <.001 | 1.20 (0.96-1.51) | .12 | 1.27 (0.97-1.65) | .08 |
| Rhinitis by 3 y | 723 | 1.34 (1.13-1.59) | .001 | 1.16 (0.97-1.39) | .10 | 1.25 (1.02-1.53) | .03 |
| Rhinitis by 5 y | 698 | 1.24 (1.05-1.47) | .01 | 1.15 (0.97-1.35) | .10 | 1.20 (0.99-1.45) | .07 |
| Rhinitis by 8 y | 766 | 1.27 (1.07-1.52) | .007 | 1.20 (1.03-1.40) | .02 | 1.18 (0.96-1.44) | .12 |
| Atopic eczema by 1.5 y | 645 | — | — | 2.37 (1.00-5.60) | .05 | 5.59 (2.58-12.12) | <.001 |
| Atopic eczema by 3 y | 610 | 2.05 (0.80-5.24) | .14 | 2.60 (1.39-4.88) | .003 | 5.42 (2.94-9.98) | <.001 |
| Atopic eczema by 5 y | 533 | 1.90 (0.91-3.95) | .09 | 2.26 (1.39-3.67) | .001 | 4.47 (2.82-7.07) | <.001 |
| Atopic eczema by 8 y | 651 | 1.47 (0.75-2.89) | .26 | 1.75 (1.14-2.68) | .01 | 2.76 (1.85-4.12) | <.001 |
| Atopic rhinitis by 1.5 y | 653 | 0.34 (0.05-2.29) | .27 | 2.17 (1.13-4.14) | .02 | 2.54 (1.25-5.16) | .01 |
| Atopic rhinitis by 3 y | 642 | 1.38 (0.64-2.96) | .41 | 2.58 (1.67-3.99) | <.001 | 2.45 (1.41-4.26) | .002 |
| Atopic rhinitis by 5 y | 585 | 1.55 (0.92-2.60) | .10 | 1.64 (1.14-2.36) | .008 | 1.92 (1.25-2.95) | .003 |
| Atopic rhinitis by 8 y | 649 | 1.50 (1.03-2.18) | .03 | 1.19 (0.84-1.68) | .34 | 1.43 (1.03-2.00) | .04 |
| Eczema with steroids use by 1.5 y | 667 | 1.79 (0.82-3.94) | .15 | 2.09 (1.19-3.66) | .01 | 3.58 (2.11-6.07) | <.001 |
| Eczema with steroids use by 3 y | 617 | 1.35 (0.62-2.92) | .45 | 1.95 (1.20-3.18) | .007 | 2.80 (1.72-4.56) | <.001 |
| Eczema with steroids use by 5 y | 544 | 1.32 (0.63-2.74) | .46 | 1.89 (1.20-2.96) | .006 | 2.70 (1.75-4.17) | <.001 |
| Eczema with steroids use by 8 y | 686 | 1.37 (0.75-2.51) | .31 | 1.70 (1.15-2.50) | .007 | 2.13 (1.40-3.24) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ARR, adjusted relative risk; CI, confidence interval.
NOTE. Poisson regression with robust error variance was implemented by adjusting for sex, ethnicity, maternal education level, and family history of allergy for each allergic comorbidity.
a
Reference: No/low wheeze trajectory.