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. 2023 Oct 5;16:4069–4081. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S426715

Table 4.

Bivariate Associations of Sociodemographic, Family, Health and Academic Characteristics and GPA of Study Participants

Predictors GPA P-value
A 1423 (44.21) B 1250 (38.83) C 423 (13.14) D 106 (03.29) F 17 (00.53)
Age (µ, SD) 21.83 (1.86) 22.33 (1.65) 22.79 (1.87) 22.70 (2.28) 22.05 (2.79) < 0.001
Sex < 0.001
 Males 549 (40.40) 544 (40.03) 213 (15.67) 48 (03.53) 5 (00.37)
 Females 874 (46.99) 706 (37.96) 210 (11.29) 58 (03.12) 12 (00.65)
Body mass index (kg/m2) 0.61
 Underweight 178 (45.76) 142 (36.50) 53 (13.62) 14 (03.60) 2 (00.51)
 Normal weight 823 (45.39) 711 (39.22) 216 (11.91) 54 (02.98) 9 (00.50)
 Overweight 280 (41.54) 266 (39.47) 99 (14.69) 25 (03.71) 4 (00.59)
 Obese 142 (41.40) 131 (38.19) 55 (16.03) 13 (03.79) 2 (00.58)
Number of siblings 0.03
 Single child 11 (73.33) 2 (13.33) 1 (06.67) 1 (06.67) 0
 One sibling 50 (59.52) 23 (27.38) 7 (08.33) 3 (03.57) 1 (01.19)
 Two or more siblings 1362 (43.65) 1225 (39.26) 415 (13.30) 102 (03.27) 16 (00.51)
History of mood disorders < 0.001
 No 1244 (45.72) 1059 (38.92) 332 (12.20) 74 (02.72) 12 (00.44)
 Yes 179 (35.94) 191 (38.35) 91 (18.27) 32 (06.43) 5 (01.00)
History of anxiety disorders < 0.001
 No 1224 (45.20) 1056 (39.00) 335 (12.37) 80 (02.95) 13 (00.48)
 Yes 199 (38.94) 194 (37.96) 88 (17.22) 26 (05.09) 4 (00.78)
ADHD screening 0.04
 Negative 886 (45.02) 780 (39.63) 234 (11.89) 60 (03.05) 8 (00.41)
 Positive 537 (42.93) 470 (37.57) 189 (15.11) 46 (03.68) 9 (00.72)