Table 4.

Analyses Examining Predictors of Frequent Domain-Specific Resident Counseling (N = 317)^a

Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)b
Formal training in discharge communicationc	1.53 [1.02, 2.32]*	1.4 [0.9, 2.1]
Domain-specific space in discharge instructions template	4.1 [3.5, 4.7]***	4.1 [3.5, 4.8]***
Female gender (reference: male)	1.7 [1.3,2.2]***	1.6 [1.2, 2.2]**

Note. CI = confidence interval.

^aGeneralized estimating equations (exchangeable correlation structure, binomial distribution, and logit link) examining associations with resident report of frequent counseling (often, usually, or always from 6-point Likert scale) for given domains of care.

^bAlso adjusted for resident year in training (not significant in adjusted analyses).

^cResidents were asked “Have you ever been trained in writing discharge instructions or providing counseling to parents at the time of hospital discharge?” and then to describe the training received. Two investigators independently reviewed resident descriptions of training and categorized as formal (e.g., lecture, case-based scenario) vs. not (informal [e.g., feedback by senior resident] or none) with disagreements resolved by consensus discussion.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001