. 2023 Sep 1;20(7-9):30–36.

Table 1.

Study findings

STUDY	SAMPLE, N	TYPE OF STUDY	DATA COLLECTION METHOD	AGE RANGE (YEARS)	COUNTRY	RESULTS
Inam et al (2014)¹⁴	130	Cross-sectional study	Structured questionnaire	11–14	Pakistan	Adolescents who are emotionally intelligent experience less social anxiety. They can better manage their emotions. In male and female individuals, the amount of emotional intelligence influences the adolescents’ social competence.
Farooq et al (2017)¹⁵	450	Cross-sectional study	Self-administered structured questionnaire	11–14	Pakistan	There is social anxiety among adolescents who attend school in Pakistan, which affects their lives in a negative way. Group interventions can be helpful in managing social anxiety. There should be mentoring of adolescents as well.
Mishra et al (2018)¹⁶	120	Independent group design	Structured questionnaire	13–18	India	Social anxiety and parenting styles showed a close relationship. Uninvolved and authoritarian parenting styles lead to social anxiety
Sandhu and Sharma (2015)¹⁷	227	Exploratory study	Structured questionnaire	6–11	India	Uninvolved, authoritarian, and nonreasonable parenting styles, and rejection and neglect lead to social anxiety and social withdrawal.
Rana et al (2013)¹⁸	200	Independent group design	Structured questionnaire	18–20	Pakistan	Social anxiety and parenting styles showed a significant relationship. Parenting style plays an important role in the development of a child’s personality. Mothers with an authoritarian parenting style and fathers with an uninvolved parenting style make adolescents prone to social anxiety.
Nasreen et al (2012)¹⁹	210	Correlational study	Structured questionnaire	16–19	Pakistan	There are no significant differences based on sex in social anxiety and self-esteem.
Ahmad et al (2013)²⁰	210	Cross-sectional study	Structured questionnaire	16–19	Pakistan	There is a negative correlation between social anxiety and self-esteem. Demographics also play a role.
Chong-Wen et al (2022)²¹	302	Cross-sectional study	Online survey, structured questionnaire	Under 18	China	There is a negative relationship between social anxiety and adolescents but a positive relationship with self-esteem.
Deng et al (2022)²²	25	Mixed methods study	Picture processing task, structured questionnaire	10–14	China	There is a difference in emotional processing of adolescents and their parents when experiencing similar emotional events due to different anxiety levels of adolescents.
Mao et al (2022)²³	192	Longitudinal study	Structured questionnaire, dot probe task, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans	8–18	China	Orbitofrontal cortex connection with the amygdala plays a role in social anxiety.