Table 1.
Time-dependent Cox regression analysis of metabolic syndrome according to demographic and behavior-related variables at the time of entry (n = 31,615)
|
Variables |
N (%) | Simple |
Multiple∗ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRS (95% CI) | HRS (95% CI) | ||||
| Gender | Female | 12,607 (39.88) | Ref | Ref | |
| Male | 19,008 (60.12) | 3.24 (3.05-3.45) | 2.46 (2.28-2.66) | ||
| Age (years) | <30 | 10,645 (33.67) | Ref | Ref | |
| 30∼50 | 13,447 (42.53) | 2.27 (2.12-2.42) | 1.72 (1.61-1.84) | ||
| 50≤ | 7,523 (23.80) | 2.09 (1.94-2.25) | 1.95 (1.81-2.11) | ||
| Smoke | Never | 17,830 (56.40) | Ref | Ref | |
| Former | 5,107 (16.15) | 2.21 (2.08-2.36) | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) | ||
| Current | 8,678 (27.45) | 2.48 (2.35-2.62) | 1.36 (1.25-1.43) | ||
| Alcohol intake (drinks/week)† | No drink | 14,893 (47.11) | Ref | Ref | |
| <8 | 8,037 (25.42) | 1.07 (1.00-1.13) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | ||
| ≥8 | 8,685 (27.47) | 1.80 (1.70-1.90) | 1.22 (1.15-1.30) | ||
| Exercise (exercise/week)‡ | ≥5 | 6,930 (21.9) | Ref | Ref | |
| ≤4 | 12,703 (40.2) | 0.93 (0.86-0.99) | 0.96 (0.90-1.02) | ||
| No Exercise | 11,982 (37.9) | 0.89 (0.84-0.95) | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | ||
| Family history | Stroke | No | 28,728 (90.87) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 2,887 (9.13) | 1.18 (1.10-1.28) | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) | ||
| Heart Disease | No | 28,993 (91.71) | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 2,622 (8.29) | 1.12 (1.03-1.21) | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | ||
| Hypertension | No | 24,498 (77.49) | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 7,117 (22.51) | 1.12 (1.06-1.18) | 1.25 (1.18-1.33) | ||
| Diabetes | No | 26,643 (84.27) | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 4,972 (15.73) | 1.18 (1.11-1.26) | 1.17 (1.10-1.25) | ||
Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
∗
adjustment for all variables (sex, age, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, and family history).
†
1 drink = 14 g alcohol.
‡
Combined number of medium- and high-strength exercises.