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. 2023 Sep 5;280(11):5115–5128. doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-08163-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Self-reported olfactory dysfunction and taste disorders are isolated persistent symptoms of COVID-19. Symptom data during at 28 days (a) and 3 months (b) after clinical onset in the Austria (AT) and Italy (IT) survey study cohorts were subjected to two-dimensional multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) with simple matching distance between the symptoms. MDS coordinates are presented in scatter plots. Selected data points are labeled with the symptom names. Percentages of the data set variance associated with the MDS dimensions are indicated in the plot axes. Numbers of complete observations are indicated in the plot captions. OD self-reported olfactory dysfunction, Imp. concentration impaired concentration