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. 2023 Oct 9;13:17019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44198-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of metformin on fat accumulation, cell viability, and albumin production in HepG2 steatosis OOCs. HepG2 OOC cells were treated with vehicle (Veh, 1 mM NaOH), a mixture of oleic acid and palmitic acid (OA + PA, 0.5 mM in total) for 24 h to induce steatosis and then cultured in 10% or 0.5% FBS-containing media (Conditions A or B, respectively) with vehicle (serum-free medium) or metformin (0.01, 0.1, or 1 mM) for 6 days. (A and D) Quantitative analysis of Bodipy fluorescence. (B and E) WST-8-based viability assay. (C and F) Albumin amount (ratio) in conditioned medium. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 3–5).