Table 2.
Change in weight (kg and %), percent body fat, body composition, and blood pressure during the 12-week intervention in those assigned to a diet concordant vs. discordant with the genotype
| All participants | Genotype-concordant diet (n = 60) | Genotype-discordant diet (n = 62) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Weight change, kg | −5.3 (1.0) | −4.8 (1.1) | −0.6 (−2.1, 0.9) | 0.501 |
| Weight change, % | −5.8 (1.0) | −5.4 (1.1) | −0.6 (−2.1, 1.0) | 0.605 |
| Change in body fat, %b | −1.3 (1.2) | −0.8 (1.3) | −0.5 (−2.4, 1.4) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | −4.8 (1.1) | −4.3 (1.2) | −0.5 (−2.3, 1.3) | |
| Hip circumference, cm | −4.6 (1.7) | −3.7 (1.8) | −1.0 (−3.6, 1.6) | |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 1.2 (2.7) | −2.9 (2.9) | 4.7 (0.5, 8.8) | |
| DBP, mmHg | 0.4 (1.7) | 1.0 (1.9) | −0.1 (−2.8, 2.5) |
| Fat-responders | High-fat diet (n = 44) | High-carbohydrate diet (n = 41) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Weight change, kg | −5.5 (1.2) | −5.3 (1.3) | −0.2 (−2.1, 1.6) | 0.779 |
| Weight change, % | −5.9 (1.3) | −5.7 (1.4) | −0.2 (−2.1, 1.7) | 0.831 |
| Change in body fat, %c | −1.1 (1.4) | −1.9 (1.6) | 0.9 (−1.3, 3.0) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | −5.0 (1.4) | −4.4 (1.5) | −0.6 (−2.7, 1.5) | |
| Hip circumference, cm | −3.9 (1.5) | −4.0 (1.7) | 0.2 (−2.1, 2.6) | |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 4.5 (3.2) | −1.2 (3.5) | 6.9 (2.0, 11.8) | |
| DBP, mmHg | 1.7 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.4) | −0.5 (−3.8, 2.9) |
| Carbohydrate-responders | High-carbohydrate diet (n = 16) | High-fat diet (n = 21) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Weight change, kg | −5.1 (1.6) | −4.1 (1.7) | −1.3 (−3.9, 1.3) | 0.487 |
| Weight change, % | −5.7 (1.8) | −4.8 (1.9) | −1.2 (−4.2, 1.7) | 0.565 |
| Change in body fat, % d | −1.9 (2.5) | 1.4 (2.7) | −3.4 (−7.5, 0.8) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | −4.4 (2.1) | −4.2 (2.3) | −0.3 (−3.9, 3.3) | |
| Hip circumference, cm | −6.4 (4.3) | −2.7 (4.7) | −3.9 (−11.1, 3.3) | |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | |
| SBP, mmHg | −5.8 (4.6) | −7.2 (5.0) | 0.3 (−7.4, 8.0) | |
| DBP, mmHg | −2.0 (2.8) | −3.0 (3.0) | 0.9 (−3.7, 5.5) |
CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, SD standard deviation.
aMixed-effect model, adjusted for sex, race, and baseline value of the outcome for all data.
bData available for 58 of 60 participants (genotype-concordant diet) and 60 of 62 participants (genotype-discordant diet).
cData available for 42 of 44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40 of 41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet).
dData available for 16 of 16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20 of 21 participants (high-fat diet).