Table 3.
Changes in food cravings (via the Food Craving Inventory) during the 12-week intervention in those assigned to a diet concordant vs. discordant with the genotype
| All participants | Genotype-concordant diet (n = 60) | Genotype-discordant diet (n = 62) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | |
| High fatsb | −0.3 (0.1) | −0.4 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.4) |
| Sweetsc | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.5 (0.2) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.4) |
| Carbohydrates/Starchesd | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.4 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.0, 0.5) |
| Fast-food fatse | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.4 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) |
| Fruits and vegetablesf | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.4 (0.2) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) |
| Total cravingsg | −0.2 (0.1) | −0.4 (0.1) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.4) |
| Fat-responders | High-fat diet (n = 44) | High-carbohydrate diet (n = 41) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | |
| High fatsb | −0.4 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.3) |
| Sweetsc | −0.4 (0.2) | −0.6 (0.2) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) |
| Carbohydrates/Starchesd | −0.2 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.4) |
| Fast-food fatse | −0.4 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.3) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.3) |
| Fruits and vegetablesf | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.4 (0.3) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.5) |
| Total cravingsg | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.2) | 0.0 (−0.3, 0.3) |
| Carbohydrate-responders | High-carbohydrate diet (n = 16) | High-fat diet (n = 21) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted differencea (95% CI) | |
| High fatsb | −0.2 (0.2) | −0.7 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.1, 0.9) |
| Sweetsc | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.3) | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.6) |
| Carbohydrates/Starchesd | 0.1 (0.2) | −0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) |
| Fast-food fatse | −0.1 (0.3) | −0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.0) |
| Fruits and vegetablesf | 0.3 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) |
| Total cravingsg | 0.0 (0.2) | −0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) |
CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.
aAdjusted for sex, race, and baseline value of the outcome.
bGenotype-concordant diet: 55/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 41/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 14/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
cGenotype-concordant diet: 59/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 16/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
dGenotype-concordant diet: 59/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 61/62 participants. Fat-responders: 44/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 21/21 participants (high-fat diet).
eGenotype-concordant diet: 58/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 61/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
fGenotype-concordant diet: 58/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
g Genotype-concordant diet: 54/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 67/62 participants. Fat-responders: 41/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 38/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 13/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 19/21 participants (high-fat diet).