Table 2.
Case-control-matched representation of spPNET and TSC-PNET patient demographic characteristics, clinicopathological data, and outcomes
| Variable | Overall [n = 208] | spPNET [n = 194] | TSC-PNET [n = 14] | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.765 | |||
| Female | 96 (46.2) | 89 (45.9) | 7 (50.0) | |
| Male | 112 (53.8) | 105 (54.1) | 7 (50.0) | |
| Age at operation, years [median (IQR)] | 56.0 (21.0) | 57.5 (19.0) | 24.0 (22.0) | <0.001 |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 58 (27.9) | 47 (24.3) | 11 (78.6) | <0.001 |
| Parenchyma-sparing surgery | 42 (20.2) | 41 (21.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.31 |
| Tumor size (pathology), cm [median (IQR)] | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.7 (2.8) | 0.422 |
| Lesion type | 0.134 | |||
| Solid | 154 (74.8) | 146 (76.0) | 8 (57.2) | |
| Cystic | 33 (16.0) | 30 (15.6) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Mixed | 19 (9.2) | 16 (8.3) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Tumor location | <0.001 | |||
| Pancreatic head | 66 (31.7) | 65 (33.5) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Pancreatic body or tail | 138 (66.3) | 129 (66.5) | 9 (64.3) | |
| Multifocal | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0.0)a | 4 (28.5)b | |
| WHO grade, 2010 | 0.795 | |||
| I | 140 (69.0) | 130 (68.8) | 10 (71.4) | |
| II | 57 (28.1) | 53 (28.0) | 4 (28.6) | |
| III | 6 (3.0) | 6 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ki-67 index | 0.629 | |||
| >3 | 57 (27.4) | 54 (27.8) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Resection margin [R status] | 0.006 | |||
| R0 | 185 (89.4) | 177 (91.2) | 9 (64.3) | |
| R1 | 15 (7.2) | 11 (5.7)a | 4 (28.6)b | |
| R2 | 7 (3.4) | 6 (3.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
| T | 0.410 | |||
| T1-T2 | 180 (86.5) | 169 (87.1) | 11 (78.6) | |
| T3 | 28 (13.5) | 25 (12.9) | 3 (21.4) | |
| N | 0.023 | |||
| N0 | 117 (56.3) | 109 (56.2) | 8 (57.1 ) | |
| N1 | 41 (19.7) | 41 (21.1)a | 0 (0.0)b | |
| Not determined | 50 (24.0) | 44 (22.7) | 6 (42.9) | |
| M | 0.607 | |||
| M0 | 192 (92.3) | 178 (91.8) | 14 (100.0) | |
| M1 | 16 (7.7) | 16 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Vascular invasion | 54 (28.7) | 52 (29.7) | 2 (14.3) | 0.354 |
| Perineural invasion | 43 (23.6) | 42 (24.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.306 |
| No. of harvested lymph nodes [median (IQR)] | 5.0 (13.0) | 5.0 (13.0) | 1.5 (3.0) | 0.016 |
| No. of positive lymph nodes [median (IQR)] | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.091 |
| Lymph node ratio [median (IQR)] | 0.0 (0.04) | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.091 |
| Postoperative complications | ||||
| Clavien–Dindo ≥3 | 40 (19.2) | 39 (20.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.314 |
| Length of stay [median (IQR)] | 6.0 (2.0) | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (4.0) | 0.121 |
| Tumor recurrence | 30 (14.9) | 30 (16.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.233 |
| Recurrence location | 0.668 | |||
| Local | 5 (2.4) | 5 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Distant | 21 (10.1) | 21 (10.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Local + distant | 4 (1.9) | 4 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 5-year disease-specific mortality | 12 (5.8) | 12 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.338 |
| 10-year disease-specific mortality | 22 (10.6) | 22 (11.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.183 |
Bold values indicate the statistical significance at an alpha level of 0.05
Data are expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified
spPNETs sporadic PNETs, TSC tuberous sclerosis complex, PNETs pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, IQR interquartile range, WHO World Health Organization
a,bStatistically significant difference between column proportions