Table 2.
Level of immune cell infiltration status mediated by the activation of TLRs in various cancers.
| Cancer(s) | Associated TLRs | Level of expression | Type of TLR-producing immune cells in tumor cells |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head and neck cancer | TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | (229) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Neutrophils, cDCs, monocytes, eosinophils | ||
| Esophageal squamous cell cancer | TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | (229) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR7 | ↑ | Monocytes, pDCs, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Lung cancer | TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | (229) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR7 | ↑ | Monocytes, pDCs, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| TLR8 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, T regulatory (Treg) cells, T-cells |
||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Breast cancer | TLR2 | ↑ | cDCs, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B- and T-cells | (229) |
| TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | ||
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR5 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs, neutrophils, monocytes, T-cells | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | (229) |
| TLR7 | ↑ | Monocytes, pDCs, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Hepatocellular cancer | TLR2 | ↑ | cDCs, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B- and T-cells | (229, 241) |
| TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | ||
| Gastric cancer | TLR2 | ↑ | cDCs, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B- and T-cells | (229) |
| TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | ||
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR5 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs, neutrophils, monocytes, T-cells | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Colorectal carcer | TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | (55, 242) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR7 | ↑ | Monocytes, pDCs, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| TLR8 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, T regulatory (Treg) cells, T cells |
||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| TLR10 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-, T-, Treg cells | ||
| Myeloma | TLR1 | ↑ | Conventional DCs (cDCs), pDCs, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells, B-cells | (229) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | ||
| TLR7 | ↑ | pDCs, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Liver cancer | TLR4 | ↑ | Monocytes, cDCs, neutrophils, eosinophils | (55, 229, 241) |
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells | ||
| Ovarian cancer | TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | (229) |
| TLR4 | ↑ | Eosinophils, neutrophils, cDCs, monocytes | ||
| TLR5 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs, neutrophils, monocytes, T-cells | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, B-cells | ||
| Myelogenous leukemia | TLR2 | ↑ | cDCs, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B- and T-cells | (229) |
| TLR3 | ↑ | NK cells, cDCs | ||
| TLR4 | ↑ | Eosinophils, neutrophils, cDCs, monocytes | ||
| TLR9 | ↑ | pDCs, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, B-cells |
The value of ↑ used in the table indicate upregulation/overexpression.