Figure 3.

Thirty-year trends of national and regional urban-rural disaggregated excess cardiopulmonary deaths associated with long-term ozone exposure

Total premature death numbers, aggregated for nationwide and seven geographical regions, are presented by piling up of mortality causes: COPD and all-type cardiovascular diseases. The upper part above the baseline in each subplot indicates urban population mortalities, and the lower part represents premature deaths on rural residents. Thirty-year longitudinal change rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (1,000 deaths per decade) for 4 mortality indices (i.e., urban COPD, urban CVD, rural COPD, and rural CVD) as inserted are estimated by log-linear meta-regression models considering the central mortality estimates together with uncertainties derived from Monte Carlo bootstrap simulation. See Table S3 for detailed statistics of temporal trends of multiple mortality metrics.