Table 3.
Summary of physico-chemical parameters in the study are Alappad Coast, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| Parameters | Minimum |
Maximum |
Standard deviation |
BIS (2012) limit | WHO (2017) limit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-monsoon | Monsoon | Post-monsoon | Pre-monsoon | Monsoon | Post-monsoon | Pre-monsoon | Monsoon | Post-monsoon | |||
| Temperature (oC) | 27.9 | 25.5 | 24.9 | 32.5 | 31.0 | 30.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | – | – |
| pH | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 6.5–8.5 | 6.5–8.5 |
| Eh (mV) | −82.0 | −77.0 | −90.0 | −2 | 9.0 | −10.0 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 21.0 | – | – |
| EC (μS/cm) | 150.0 | 420.0 | 410.0 | 10510.0 | 3540.0 | 2020.0 | 2510.0 | 771.4 | 413.5 | – | 1500.0 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 70.0 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 17.7 | 0.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| TDS (mg/L) | 45.0 | 105.0 | 103.0 | 2660.0 | 864.0 | 521.0 | 629.7 | 189.8 | 105.1 | 500.0 | 1000.0 |
| DO (mg/L) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | – | – |
| BOD (mg/L) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 9.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.4 | – | – |
| Alkalinity (mg/L) | 50.8 | 90.9 | 92.7 | 375.6 | 292.9 | 298.7 | 87.6 | 62.0 | 67.1 | 200 | – |
| HCO3− (mg/L) | 61.9 | 110.9 | 113.1 | 458.2 | 357.4 | 364.4 | 106.9 | 75.7 | 81.8 | – | – |
| Hardness (mg/L) | 49.0 | 39.2 | 70.6 | 2250 | 460.6 | 539.0 | 542.9 | 124.9 | 115.7 | 600 | 100 |
| Cl− (mg/L) | 11.7 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 2014.7 | 549.6 | 43.4 | 510.2 | 136.2 | 11.0 | 250 | 250 |
| Iron (mg/L) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.98 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| SO42− (mg/L) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 432.8 | 202.5 | 174.3 | 129.8 | 51.4 | 54.0 | 200 | 400 |
| PO43− (mg/L) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.13 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | – | – |
| NO3− (mg/L) | −0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 45 | 50 |
| Na+ (mg/L) | 11.8 | 11.8 | 30.4 | 818.0 | 415.5 | 100.1 | 200.7 | 101.4 | 21.9 | – | 200 |
| K+ (mg/L) | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 21.9 | 19.6 | 24.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | – | 12 |
| Ca2+ (mg/L) | 7.9 | 10.2 | 13.3 | 489.6 | 156.8 | 180.3 | 117.9 | 36.3 | 39.8 | 75 | 200 |
| Mg2+ (mg/L) | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 248.3 | 75.9 | 21.3 | 61.4 | 18.3 | 5.9 | 30 | 150 |