Table 4.
Key concepts related to industry 4.0 implementation for renewable energy and materials.
| Concepts related to industry 4.0 solutions for renewable energy and materials | Characteristics | Literature |
|---|---|---|
| Data-driven decision-making or big data | Utilizing data to guide decision-making processes. | [18,81,83,88,105,106] |
| Robotic process automation | Automating manual, repetitive tasks to make them more efficient. | [73,84,86], |
| Advanced analytics and machine learning | Leveraging data to identify patterns and improve predictive accuracy. | [26,105] |
| Smart grid technology | They are utilizing technology to manage energy consumption and distribution effectively. | [4,12,24,32,87,104] |
| Internet of Things (IoT) | Developing interconnected networks of devices and sensors to gather data. | [1,5,6,21,71,85,103] |
| Cloud computing | Storing and managing data in a secure, remote environment. | [2,11,76] |
| Augmented reality | Enhancing real-world experiences with digital overlays or creating entirely virtual environments. | [13,[112], [113], [114]] |
| Blockchain technology | Establishing secure, decentralized digital ledgers to securely store and share data. | [19,82,[109], [110], [111]] |
| Additive manufacturing | Utilizing 3D printing to create structures from digital models. | [27,[115], [116], [117], [118], [119]] |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Developing systems that can learn, think, and act like humans. | [8,10,16,107,108] |
| Cyber-physical systems | Integrating physical and digital processes to control production. | [25,80,90], |
| Digital twinning | Creating digital models of physical objects to monitor their performance. | [72,79] |