Table 3.

Characteristics and main findings of included controlled studies for compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD)

Study Country	Diagnosis of CBSD	Treatment	Treatment group (TG)	Control group (CG)	Primary endpoints	Main outcomes
Psychotherapy
Mitchell et al. (2006) USA	CBS	12 sessions group CBT	CBT n = 28 Mage = 45.1 ± 10.2 100% female Dropout 25%	WL n = 11 Mage = 44.6 ± 11.2 100% female Dropout 36.4%	CBS, Y-BOCS-SV, purchasing recall changes pre to post treatment and 6-months-FU (only TG)	Significant differences between CBT and WL on primary outcomes; improvement CBT > WL CBT: improvement maintained at FU
Müller, Mueller, et al. (2008) Germany	McElroy et al. criteria	12 sessions group CBT	CBT n = 31 87.1% female Mage = 45.3 ± 8.5 Dropout 19.4%	WL n = 29 82.8% female Mage = 37.2 ± 10.5 Dropout 13.8%	CBS, Y-BOCS-SV, G-CBS changes pre to post treatment and 6-months-FU (only TG)	Significant differences between CBT and WL on primary outcomes; improvement CBT > WL CBT: improvement maintained at FU
Müller et al. (2013) USA	McElroy et al. criteria	12 sessions group CBT Guided self-help (5 telephone sessions at week 1,2,3,5,8)	CBT n = 22 Dropout 27.3% (age and sex not reported for TG)	WL n = 14 Dropout: 28.6% (age and sex not reported for CG) GSH n = 20 Dropout: 15.0% (age and sex not reported for CG)	CBS, Y-BOCS-SV changes pre to post treatment and 6-months-FU (only TG)	Y-BOCS-SV: significant time × group interactions, significant improvement in CBT and GSH but not in waiting list CBS: no significant time x group interaction, but significant improvement in CBT and GSH CBT and GSH: improvement maintained at FU
Benson et al. (2014) USA	McElroy et al. criteria	12 group sessions ‘Stopping Overshopping’ treatment (including CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, ACT, and mindfulness-based interventions)	‘Stopping overshopping’ n = 6 (age and sex not reported for TG) Dropout 0%	WL n = 5 (age and sex not reported for CG) Dropout 0%	Change score means Valence-CBS, Richmond-CBS, CBS, Y-BOCS-SV; Purchasing recalls pre, mid, post, 6-months-FU (only TG)	Significant improvement in all measures, TG > WL
Psychopharmacology
Black et al. (2000) USA	McElroy et al. criteria, duration of CBSD of at least 1 year	Fluvoxamine up to 300 mg d−1 9 weeks	Fluvoxamine n = 12 100% female Mage = 42.0 ± 11.0 Dropout 25%	Placebo n = 11 91.0% female; Mage = 42.3 ± 9.8 Dropout 18%	Y-BOCS-SV changes pre to post treatment	Both groups improved similarly
Ninan et al. (2000) USA	ICD-SCID criteria for CBSD	Fluvoxamine up to 300 mg d−1 12 weeks	Fluvoxamine n = 20, age and sex not reported by group	Placebo: n = 17, age and sex not reported by group	Y-BOCS-SV changes pre to post treatment	No significant time × group effect
Koran et al. (2003) USA	Y-BOCS-SV, McElroy et al. criteria	Citalopram up to 60 mg d−1 9-week double-blind discontinuation phase (after 7-week open-label phase)	Citalopram n = 7 (age and sex not reported for TG)	Placebo n = 8 (age and sex not reported for CG)	Relapse rate (i.e. Y-BOCS-SV score ≥17) end of week 7 to end of week 16; CBS, Impulse Buying Tendency Scale	Relapse rates: 0% (TG) vs. 62.5% (CG); Improvement in CBS and Impulse Buying Tendency Scale (reached at end of open-label phase) maintained in TG but not CG
Koran et al. (2007) USA	Y-BOCS-SV, McElroy et al. criteria	Escitalopram up to 20 mg d−1 9-week double-blind discontinuation phase (after 7-week open-l phase)	Escitalopram n = 8 100% female (age not reported for TG)	Placebo n = 9 100% female (age not reported for CG)	Relapse rate (i.e. Y-BOCS-SV score ≥17) end of week 7 to end of week 9	Relapse rates: 62.5% (TG) vs. 66.7% (CG)
Nicoli de Mattos et al. (2020) Brazil	McElroy et al. criteria, SCID	Topiramate up to 300 mg d−1 12 weeks and 4 sessions of psychoeducation (at week 1, 4, 7, 10)	Topiramate n = 25 Mage = 37.2 ± 9.1 80.9% female Dropout 28%	Placebo n = 25 Mage = 39.5 ± 10.1 82.6% female Dropout 12%	Y-BOCS-SV, CBS, CBFS changes pre to post treatment	No significant time × group effect (in Y-BOCS-SV and CBS) Improvement time × group (CBSF)

Note. ACT = Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; CBFS = Compulsive Buying Follow-up Scale; CBS = Compulsive Buying Scale; CBT = Cognitive Behavioral Treatment; DBT = Dialectical Behavior Therapy; FU = Follow-Up Assessment; G-CBS = German Compulsive Buying Scale; GSH = Guided Self-help; ICD-SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for impulse control disorders; Richmond-CBS = Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale; SCID = semi-structured interview modeled after the Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry; Valence-CBS = Valence Compulsive Buying Scale; WL = Waiting List; Y-BOCS-SV = Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Shopping Version.