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. 2023 Sep 9;299(10):105225. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105225

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Predicted secondary and tertiary structures for individual sncRNA sequences. (A) miR-1, (B) tsRNA-Gly-GCC, and (C) rsRNA-28s. RNAstructure (177) and RNAComposer (178) were used to predict the secondary and tertiary structure of the sncRNAs, respectively. The forna tool (part of ViennaRNA) (179) and UCSF Chimera (180) were used to visualize the secondary and tertiary structure, respectively. The standard free energy difference (ΔG° value in kcal/mol) between the folded and unfolded forms of the RNA, predicted at 37 °C, is also presented. Notably, the positive ΔG° for miR-1 suggests a preference for unfolded state. Nevertheless, miR-1 has been reported to act as an aptamer by binding with the potassium channel Kir2.1 to change channel activity (135). This suggests that small RNAs can function as aptamers even through their linear form, further underscoring the versatility of aptamer-like functions for small RNAs. rsRNA, rRNA-derived small RNA; sncRNA, small noncoding RNA; tsRNA, tRNA-derived small RNA.