FIG. 1.

Effect of roxithromycin on IL-8, IL-6, and GM-CSF release by human primary bronchial epithelial cells. (a) Roxithromycin was added to primary bronchial epithelial cells simultaneously with (left panel) and without (right panel) IL-1 α (10 ng/ml). The supernatants were harvested after 24 h for IL-8 measurement. (b) Effect of roxithromycin on IL-6 and GM-CSF release by IL-1 α (10 ng/ml)-stimulated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Simultaneous treatment with roxithromycin significantly inhibited IL-6 and GM-CSF release after 24 h. For all panels, an asterisk represents a P of <0.01 compared to controls (ANOVA; n = 5). Error bars, standard deviations.