Prognostic significance of clinical parameters and cytokine levels. Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival (OS) according to HCC state (A), HCV/HBV infection (B), and cytokine levels in ascitic fluids (C–E) and plasma samples (F–I) of the studied patients. Three patients with cirrhosis developed HCC during the study period and they were censored at the time of HCC assessment. Only significant variables are shown. Cytokine levels, expressed as pg/mL, were dichotomized according to optimal cut-points, estimated by maximizing the discriminative ability of the Cox model. HR and 95% CI are indicated, and the log-rank test was used to calculate the p-value, as indicated.