Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Oncology. 2023 Mar 9;101(5):328–342. doi: 10.1159/000528963

Table 3.

Variables associated with the 5As across study time points in multi-level logistic regression model

OR [95% CI] Blog SE z p value
1. Ask
Time 0.58 [0.30, 1.10] −0.55 0.33 −1.66 0.10
Site 1.54 [0.52, 4.52] 0.43 0.55 0.79 0.43
Arm 0.64 [0.23, 1.81] −0.44 0.53 −0.84 0.40
Age 0.97 [0.91, 1.03] −0.03 0.03 −1.03 0.30
Stage 0.60 [0.27, 1.34] −0.51 0.41 −1.24 0.22
Quit status 0.26 [0.12, 0.64] 1.34 0.46 −2.93 0.003**
Smoking-related cancer 4.26 [1.37, 13.23] 1.45 0.58 2.51 0.01*
Stigma 0.90 [0.81, 0.99] −0.11 0.05 −2.09 0.04*
Recent quit attempt 1.72 [0.77, 3.86] 0.55 0.41 1.32 0.19
Time × arm 2.38 [1.17, 4.86] 0.87 0.36 2.39 0.02*
Time × age 1.07 [1.03, 1.13] 0.07 0.02 3.08 0.002**
Time × smoking-related cancer 0.36 [0.17, 0.77] −1.03 0.39 −2.64 0.008**
2. Advise
Time 0.31 [0.09, 1.05] −1.18 0.63 −1.88 0.06
Site 0.99 [0.44, 2.19] −0.01 0.41 −0.04 0.97
Arm 1.08 [0.61, 1.92] 0.08 0.29 0.26 0.80
Age 0.94 [0.90, 0.99] −0.06 0.03 −2.27 0.02*
Stage 0.43 [0.23, 0.79] −0.85 0.31 −2.72 0.007**
Quit status 1.25 [0.20, 7.73] 0.22 0.93 0.24 0.81
Smoking-related cancer 2.82 [1.20, 6.61] 1.04 0.44 2.38 0.02*
Recent quit attempt 1.53 [0.84, 2.79] 0.42 0.31 1.39 0.17
Time × age 1.07 [1.03, 1.12] 0.07 0.02 3.49 <0.001***
Time × quit status 0.26 [0.07, 0.90] −1.35 0.64 −2.12 0.03*
Time × smoking-related cancer 0.31 [0.16,0.61] −1.17 0.34 −3.41 <0.001**
3. Assess
Time 0.09 [0.02, 0.44] −2.43 0.82 −2.97 0.003**
Site 0.99 [0.41, 2.41] −0.01 0.45 −0.02 0.98
Arm 1.32 [0.70, 2.49] 0.28 0.32 0.85 0.39
Age 1.01 [0.97, 1.04] 0.01 0.02 0.49 0.62
Stage 0.9 [0.48, 1.72] −0.10 0.33 −0.31 0.76
Quit status 1.48 [0.17, 12.82] 0.39 1.10 0.36 0.72
Household smoker 0.39 [0.16, 0.94] −0.95 0.45 −2.10 0.04*
Recent quit attempt 2.21 [1.14, 4.30] 0.79 0.34 2.34 0.02*
Time × quit status 0.20 [0.04, 0.97] −1.63 0.82 −2.00 0.046*
Time × household smoker 2.06 [1.02, 4.16] 0.72 0.36 2.01 0.044*
4. Assist-Talk
Time 0.17 [0.05, 0.61] −1.75 0.64 −2.73 0.006**
Site 0.60 [0.31, 1.16] −0.52 0.34 −1.52 0.13
Arm 1.40 [0.87, 2.26] 0.34 0.24 1.38 0.17
Age 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] 0.02 0.01 1.45 0.15
Stage 0.81 [0.49, 1.33] −0.21 0.25 −0.84 0.40
Quit status 3.37 [0.55, 20.65] 1.21 0.93 1.31 0.19
Recent quit attempt 1.79 [1.10, 2.91] 0.58 0.25 2.33 0.02*
Time × quit status 0.19 [0.05, 0.67] −1.68 0.65 −2.56 0.01*
5. Assist-Counseling
Time 0.37 [0.23, 0.60] −0.99 0.24 −4.08 <0.001***
Site 0.82 [0.36, 1.86] −0.19 0.42 −0.47 0.64
Arm 0.76 [0.36, 1.60] −0.28 0.38 −0.73 0.47
Age 1.04 [1.00, 1.07] 0.03 0.02 2.06 0.04*
Stage 1.16 [0.64, 2.11] 0.15 0.30 0.49 0.62
Quit status 0.23 [0.11, 0.54] −1.43 0.41 −3.45 <0.001***
Religiosity 0.69 [0.48, 0.97] −0.38 0.18 −2.13 0.03*
Stigma 0.89 [0.82, 0.96] −0.12 0.04 −3.01 0.002**
Recent quit attempt 1.84 [1.02, 3.32] 0.61 0.30 2.03 0.04*
Time × arm 1.98 [1.09. 3.59] 0.68 0.30 2.25 0.02*
6. Assist-Medication
Time 1.06 [0.85, 1.32] 0.05 0.11 0.49 0.62
Site 0.77 [0.51, 1.17] −0.26 0.21 −1.24 0.21
Arm 0.82 [0.55, 1.21] −0.20 0.20 −1.02 0.31
Age 1.00 [0.98, 1.02] 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.80
Stage 0.92 [0.61, 1.38] −0.09 0.21 −0.41 0.68
Quit status 0.25 [0.14, 0.44] −1.39 0.30 −4.66 <0.001***
7. Arrange
Time 0.87 [0.64, 1.20] −0.13 0.16 −0.82 0.41
Site 0.73 [0.31, 1.73] −0.31 0.44 −0.71 0.48
Arm 0.84 [0.47, 1.51] −0.18 0.30 −0.59 0.56
Age 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] 0.02 0.02 1.11 0.27
Stage 1.22 [0.67, 2.22] 0.20 0.31 0.64 0.52
Quit status 0.38 [0.16, 0.89] −0.98 0.44 −2.23 0.03*
Gender 1.98 [1.06, 3.69] 0.68 0.32 2.14 0.03*
Religiosity 0.58 [0.40, 0.85] −0.54 0.19 −2.84 <0.001***
Stigma 0.92 [0.85, 1.00] −0.08 0.04 −2.00 0.045*
Recent quit attempt 1.76 [0.97, 3.22] 0.57 0.31 1.85 0.06

Reference category for study site = MGH/DFCI; reference category for study arm = standard treatment; reference category for cancer stage = early stage; reference category for quit status = biochemically verified smoker; reference category for smoking-related cancer = no smoking-related cancer; reference category for recent quit attempt= >6 months ago; reference category for household smoker = no household smokers; reference category for gender = female. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Blog, log odds; SE, standard error.

*

p ≤ 0.05.

**

p ≤ 0.01.

***

p ≤ 0.001.