. 2021 Apr 5;78(11):4849–4865. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03824-8

Table 2.

Selected miRNAs and proteins associated with substance addiction, withdrawal, and relapse that may be targeted by therapeutic EV-mediated delivery

Molecule	Drug	Function	Reference
miRNA
miR-27a	Alcohol	M2 monocyte polarization	[20]
miR-124	Alcohol	BDNF downregulation	[125]
miR-206	Alcohol	BDNF downregulation	[126]
miR-9	Alcohol	Ca²⁺ and K⁺ channel expression	[127]
miR-431	Cocaine	Arc expression	[128]
miR-212	Cocaine	CREB activation	[129, 130]
miR-101b	Cocaine		[128]
miR-132	Cocaine	CREB and BDNF-mediated synaptic plasticity	[128, 130]
miR-137	Cocaine		[128]
miR-190	Fentanyl	µ opioid receptor expression	[131]
miR-218	Heroin	Gabrb3, GluR2, Ube3a, Nrxn1, Gng3, and Mecp2 expression	[132]
Let-7d	Marijuana	CB₁ receptor signaling	[122]
Let-7a/c/g	Morphine	µ opioid receptor expression	[107]
miR-27a	Morphine	Serpini1 expression	[133, 134]
miR-29b	Morphine		[50]
miR-140-5p	Nicotine	Inhibits Dynamin-1 expression	[135]
miR-504	Nicotine	Upregulates dopamine D1 receptors	[136]
miR-542-3p	Nicotine	Increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors	[137]
Protein
GLT-1	Alcohol	Glutamate transport	[138, 139]
mTORC1	Alcohol	Protein synthesis/translation	[140]
LGALS3	Cocaine (+ HIV)	Neuronal migration	[141]
GLUL	Cocaine (+ HIV)	Glutamate detoxification	[141]
HBB/HBD	Cocaine (+ HIV)	Learning and memory	[141]
MCP-5	Methamphetamine	Chemokine	[142]
sTNFR1	Methamphetamine	Chemokine	[142]
NMDAR1	Morphine	Glutamate receptor	[143]
p-CREB	Morphine	Cellular transcription	[144]
Arc/Arg3.1	Morphine	Synaptic plasticity/memory	[145, 146]