Table 3.

Methods to Calculate Connected Pen Settings.

Setting	Explanation/calculation	Considerations
Total daily dose (TDD)	Use one of the following:  Total daily dose of mealtime + long-acting insulin Or weight based:  Weight (kg) × 0.5  Weight (lb) × 0.23	If consistent hypoglycemia, use lower amount If consistent hyperglycemia, use higher amount Can also average the results of the two calculations
Insulin carbohydrate ratio	450 or 500 ÷ TDD	These are starting points and should be adjusted based on CGM or BGM readings
Insulin sensitivity factor (correction factor)	1700 or 1800 ÷ TDD	These are starting points and should be adjusted based on CGM or BGM readings
Active insulin time or insulin on board	Usually set between 3 and 5 h Children, pregnancy: 3 h Older adults, impaired renal function: 5 h Most adults: 4 h	Based on the duration of action of rapid-acting insulin
Maximum bolus	Maximum amount delivered at one time	Safety precaution

Source: Warshaw (2020) (40); Grunberger (2014) (41).

BGM, blood glucose meter; CGM, continuous glucose monitor; TDD, total daily dose.