TABLE 3.
Therapeutic potential of blackcurrant.
| Main health benefits | Blackcurrant formats | Pharmacological effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular pathway | Juice | Stimulated paraoxanase 1 activity, regulating macrophage cholesterol retardation | (Rosenblat et al., 2010) |
| Extract | Enhanced endothelial NO synthase function and blood vessels expansion |
(Edirisinghe et al., 2011) |
|
| Vasculoprotective impact | Extract | Diabetes patient's blood vessels staying intact has a positive impact on their health | (Horie et al., 2021) |
| High calcium flux restoration in type‐1 muscarinic R's | (Joseph et al., 2004) | ||
| Exercise and immunity restoration | Anthocyanin's extract | Significant impact on inherent immunity and post‐workout relaxation | (Hurst et al., 2019) |
| Ocular system | Juice extract | Increased dark adaptation and rhodopsin synthesis through improved rhodopsin precursor production | (Matsumoto et al., 2006) |
| Extract | In artificially created myopia, these proportions of globe constituents parts were not permitted to increase |
(Iida et al., 2010) |
|
| Changes in blood flow | Extract | Increasing forearm blood circulation during prolonged times of sitting | (Barnes et al., 2020) |
| Lower elderly individual's systolic and diastolic ambient blood pressure | (Cook et al., 2020) | ||
| Consumption of NZBC for more than a brief period of time decreases central blood pressure and central arterial stiffness in aged persons | (Okamoto et al., 2020) | ||
| Skeletal system | Leaf extract | Minimized osteoarthritis degradation | (Garbacki et al., 2002) |
| Seed oil | Lowered intensity of pain intensity and enhanced disability | (Cameron et al., 2011) | |
| Hypocholesteoremic impacts | Extract | Decrease the amount of hydroxymethylglutary‐CoA reducates, limits the intake of cholesterol, and stimulates the absorption of low‐density lipoprotein | (Nanashima et al., 2021) |
| Renal system | Juice | Higher citric acid and oxalic acid production and reduced neutrophils (PMN leukocytes) | |
| Improvement in fat oxidation | Extract | During fast jogging enhanced fat oxidation in whole body | (Hiles et al., 2020 |
| Increased lipid metabolism | (Song et al., 2021) | ||
| Wounds | Polyunsaturated fatty acid | Enhanced anti‐inflammatory compounds and reduced prothrombotic compounds in TPN administration | (Calder, 2009) |
| Gut microbiota improvement | Supplementation | Treatment shifts the gut microbiome of a female mice in an age‐dependent adjustment | (Cao et al., 2020) |
| Increased bacterial phylotype in the gut | (Song et al., 2021) | ||
| Pulmonary system | Leaf extract | Reduced inflammation and restricted migration of neutrophilic cells | (Garbacki et al., 2004) |
| Lowering in postprandial blood sugar | Powder | Demonstrated suppression of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase and anthocyanins seem to control postprandial hyperglycemia | (Barik et al., 2020; Hui et al., 2020) |
| Extract | Lower blood glucose levels, enhanced glucose metabolism, regulate insulin levels and free‐living postprandial glucose excesses in individuals with obesity or overweight | (Nolan et al., 2021) | |
| Tumors | Peel extract | Decreased tumor weight, reduced the size, number, and volume of hepatocyte nodules | (Bishayee et al., 2011; Takata et al., 2007) |
| Decreased the area and number of GGT‐positive foci, decrease the expansion of HSP70, HSP90, COX‐2 and NF‐KB, degraded protein and lipid oxidation | |||
| Enhancement in mental function (Cognition) | Concentrate | Enhance mental function in athletic population | (Gibson et al., 2020) |
| Juice | Impact on the monoamine axis in humans to enhance cognitive function | (Watson et al., 2020) |