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. 2023 Oct 6;16:1097–1113. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S418145

Table 3.

Qualitative Comparison of Air Quality (AQI), World Bank Income Status, and Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) to Global Asthma Prevalence

Asthma Prevalence % AQI (2020) (13) Income Status (2022) (11) HAQ Index (2017) (10)
North America 8.29%
United States of America 11.25% 9.6 High 81.3
Canada 5.32% 7.3 High 87.6
South America 4.90%
Argentina 7.54% 14.2 Upper-middle 68.4
Chile 5.64% 19.3 Upper-middle 76.0
Brazil 5.13% 14.2 Upper-middle 64.9
Peru 4.56% 17.9 Upper-middle 69.6
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4.43% NR Upper-middle 59.2
Ecuador 4.18% 7.6 Upper-middle 61.2
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 4.06% NR Temporarily unclassified in July 2021 pending release of revised national accounts statistics 64.7
Colombia 3.68% 15.6 Upper-middle 67.8
Europe 5.69%
United Kingdom 10.07% 8.3 High 84.6
Portugal 9.97% 9.1 High 84.5
Sweden 8.24% 5 High 90.5
The Netherlands 7.66% 9.7 High 89.5
Ireland 7.56% 8.6 High 88.4
Norway 7.36% 5.7 High 90.5
Switzerland 7.29% 9 High 91.8
France 7.22% 11.1 High 87.9
Finland 6.70% 5 High 89.6
Poland 5.88% 16.9 High 79.6
Greece 5.79% 18.4 High 87.0
Austria 5.72% 10.9 High 88.2
Denmark 5.29% 9.4 High 85.7
Belgium 5.07% 8.9 High 87.9
Spain 4.95% 10.4 High 89.6
Germany 4.55% 10.1 High 86.4
Romania 4.47% 15.8 Upper-middle 74.4
Italy 4.33% 18.5 High 88.7
Bulgaria 3.87% 27.5 Upper-middle 71.4
Belarus 3.69% NR Upper-middle 74.4
Hungary 3.56% 14.3 High 79.6
Ukraine 3.48% 19.2 Lower-middle 72.7
Czechia 3.29% NR High 84.8
Slovakia 3.13% 15.3 High 78.6
Serbia 3.05% 24.3 Upper-middle 75.4
Asia 3.44%
United Arab Emirates 7.55% NR High 72.2
Turkey 5.38% 18.7 Upper-middle 76.2
Philippines 4.81% 12.8 Lower-middle 52.0
Kuwait 4.47% 34 High 82.0
Oman 4.22% 44.4 High 77.1
Japan 4.22% 9.8 High 89.0
Singapore 4.02% 11.8 High 86.3
Republic of Korea 3.91% 19.5 High 85.8
Qatar 3.69% 44.3 High 85.2
Thailand 3.59% 21.4 Upper-middle 70.8
Indonesia 3.58% 40.7 NR 49.2
Vietnam 3.23% 28 Lower-middle 66.3
Malaysia 2.78% 15.6 Upper-middle 66.6
Saudi Arabia 2.77% 23.3 High 79.4
India 2.75% 51.9 Lower-middle 44.8
China 2.11% 34.7 Upper-middle 74.2
Pakistan 1.77% 59 Lower-middle 43.1
Bangladesh 1.43% 77.1 Lower-middle 51.7
Africa 3.67%
United Republic of Tanzania 6.07% NR Lower-middle 49.9
Uganda 5.03% 26.1 Low 42.9
Sudan 4.35% NR Low 50.1
South Africa 4.27% 18 Upper-middle 52.0
Tunisia 3.85% NR Lower-middle 70.1
Nigeria 3.68% NR Lower-middle 51.3
Egypt 3.65% NR Lower-middle 61.0
Algeria 3.41% 20.2 Lower-middle 63.7
Côte d’Ivoire 3.22% NR Lower-middle 42.4
Morocco 3.05% NR Lower-middle 61.3
Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.03% NR Lower-middle 40.4
Ethiopia 2.85% 14.7 Low 44.2
Kenya 2.81% 14.2 Lower-middle 48.7
Zimbabwe 2.08% NR Lower-middle 48.7
Oceania 8.33%
Australia 9.66% 7.6 High 89.8
New Zealand 7.00% 7 High 86.2

Abbreviation: NR, not reported.