Table 3.
Regularized regression (Cox proportional hazards) with coefficients after applying shrinkage parameter and estimates from Cox proportional hazards without shrinkage estimation.
| Regularized Regression (Cox Model w/Shrinkage) | Cox Proportional Hazards (No Shrinkage) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Coefficient | HR (95% Cl) | |
| Agea | 0.1183 | 0.14043 | 1.1321 (1.1094, 1.1552) |
| BMIa | −0.0720 | −0.0908 | 0.9132 (0.8614, 0.9681) |
| Waist Circumference (cm)a | 0.0158 | 0.0212 | 1.0214 (1.0030, 1.0401) |
| Neck Circumference (cm) | 0.023 | 0.0349 | 1.0355 (0.9749, 1.0999) |
| Gender (Female) | −0.2953 | −0.2483 | 0.7801 (0.5144, 1.1830) |
| Race (Black) | −0.0674 | −0.1135 | 0.8927 (0.5282, 1.5086) |
| Never Smoker (vs Current) | −0.1928 | −0.2435 | 0.8927 (0.5282, 1.5086 |
| Former Smoker (vs Current) | N/Ab | −0.0257 | 0.9747 (0.5362, 1.7716) |
| Hypertension (Yes)a | 0.3630 | 0.4131 | 1.5115 (1.1380, 2.0075) |
| Diabetes (Yes)a | 0.4576 | 0.4903 | 1.6328 (1.1027, 2.4175 |
| Cardiovascular Disease (Yes)a | 0.5838 | 0.6716 | 1.9573 (1.2363, 3.0990) |
| QTca | 0.0043 | 0.0049 | 1.0049 (1.0003, 1.0096) |
| Log(SDQT)a | 0.3391 | 0.4546 | 1.5755 (1.1851,2.0946) |
| Log(STVQT) | −0.1398 | −0.2936 | 0.7455 (0.5230, 1.0628) |
| Heart Rate | 0.0103 | 0.0114 | 1.0115 (0.9968, 1.0264) |
| SDB | −0.1943 | −0.2720 | 0.7619 (0.5408, 1.0732) |
SDB = Sleep disordered breathing, QTc = QT with Bazett’s heart rate correction, SDQT = standard deviation of the QT intervals at 5-min intervals.
a
Statistically significant using Cox proportional hazards models.
b
Estimate after shrinkage set to zero for linear predictor calculation.