TABLE 3.
Secondary Outcome Analysis
| Secondary Outcome, Mortality | Study Group | p | Relative Risk (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFNC (n = 47) | Face-Mask CPAP (n = 52) | Helmet CPAP (n = 52) | HFNC vs Face-Mask CPAP | Helmet CPAP vs Face-Mask CPAP | ||
| 28 d, no. of patients, n (%) | 11/47 (23) | 16/52 (32) | 20/52 (38) | 0.24 | — | — |
| 90 d, no. of patients, n (%) | 20/47 (43) | 20/52 (38) | 21/52 (40) | 0.89 | — | — |
| Interval between enrollment and death, d, median (interquartile range) | 17.5 (10–27.5) | 22 (13–26.5) | 19 (8–25) | 0.84 | — | — |
| Unadjusted analysis—mortality | — | — | — | — | 1.11 (0.69–1.78) | 1.05 (0.65–1.69) |
| Adjusted analysis—mortalitya | 1.16 (0.73–1.83) | 1.17 (0.74–1.83) | ||||
| Adjusted analysis crossed-over groups—mortalityb | — | — | — | — | 0.73 (0.41–1.31) | 0.98 (0.65–1.48) |
| — | — | — | — | (HFNC and face-mask CPAP combined) vs helmet CPAPc | ||
| Adjusted analysis—mortalitya | — | — | — | — | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | |
CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure, HFNC = high-flow nasal cannula.
a
Analysis adjusted for age ≥ 55 and severe Pao2/Fio2 ratio.
b
Analysis considering patients who crossed over within 24 hr in the new group and comparing them to face-mask CPAP adjusted for age ≥ 55 and severe Pao2/Fio2 ratio.
c
Relative risk for 90-d mortality controlling for age ≥ 55 and severe Pao2/Fio2 ratio (HFNC and face-mask CPAP combined and compared with helmet CPAP).