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. 2023 Oct 6;18:5671–5683. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S428647

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© 2023 He et al.

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Summary of Extraction Methods of PDVLNs. Step 1 shows the preparation of plants before extraction, including washing and juicing. Step 2 visually shows several methods currently available to obtain PDVLNs. Created with BioRender.com.