Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019–positive patients with and without AKI: demographics, comorbid status, body mass index, disease severity, and mortality
| Variables | Total (N=336,473) | AKI [Code-Based or Serum Creatinine–Based] (N=129,176) | Not AKI (N=207,297) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 61 (19) | 65 (17) | 59 (20) |
| Sex (N, %) | |||
| Female | 164,234 (49) | 56,577 (44) | 107,657 (52) |
| Male | 172,192 (51) | 72,581 (56) | 99,611 (48) |
| Race (N, %) | |||
| Asian | 7618 (2) | 3094 (2) | 4524 (2) |
| Black | 63,761 (19) | 28,636 (22) | 35,125 (17) |
| White | 212,779 (63) | 77,764 (60) | 135,015 (65) |
| Others | 7654 (2) | 2799 (2) | 4855 (2) |
| No information | 44,661 (13) | 16,883 (13) | 27,778 (13) |
| Ethnicity (N, %) | |||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 263,766 (78) | 101,930 (79) | 161,836 (78) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 44,934 (13) | 15,953 (12) | 28,981 (14) |
| No information | 27,773 (8) | 11,293 (9) | 16,480 (8) |
| Comorbid conditions (N, %) | |||
| History available | 261,296 (78) | 94,992 (74) | 166,304 (80) |
| Among those with histories available | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 101,926 (39) | 44,260 (47) | 57,666 (35) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 77,358 (30) | 35,462 (37) | 41,896 (25) |
| Heart failure | 40,993 (16) | 20,436 (22) | 20,557 (12) |
| Hypertension | 132,690 (51) | 56,801 (60) | 75,889 (46) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.9 (8.6) | 30.6 (8.7) | 31.0 (8.6) |
| Severity of illness (N, %) | |||
| Sepsis | 59,490 (18) | 39,725 (31) | 19,765 (10) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 32,932 (10) | 28,752 (22) | 4180 (2) |
| Length of hospital stay, d, mean (IQRs) | 9.3 (8) | 14.4 (12) | 6.1 (4) |
| Medications (N, %) | |||
| Vasopressors | 43,124 (13) | 30,697 (24) | 12,427 (6) |
| Periods (N, %) | |||
| P1 | 48,947 (15) | 23,097 (18) | 25,850 (12) |
| P2 | 32,513 (10) | 12,102 (9) | 20,411 (10) |
| P3 | 107,744 (32) | 40,583 (31) | 67,161 (32) |
| P4 | 41,236 (12) | 14,430 (11) | 26,806 (13) |
| P5 | 41,845 (12) | 15,103 (12) | 26,742 (13) |
| P6 | 64,188 (19) | 23,861 (18) | 40,327 (19) |
| Death (N, %) | 48,230 (14) | 34,329 (27) | 13,901 (7) |
N, number of patients; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; P1–6, time periods 1–6.