Table 2.
Associations of clinical factors and period with AKI among 336,426 patientsa infected with coronavirus disease 2019: adjusted by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and timing of initial coronavirus disease infection
| Characteristic | Patients with AKI (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| Age—decade levelb | 129,158 (34) | 1.03 (1.03 to 1.03) | 1.03 (1.03 to 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 56,577 (34) | Reference | ||
| Male | 72,581 (42) | 1.22 (1.21 to 1.24) | 1.23 (1.21 to 1.24) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 77,756 (37) | Reference | ||
| Asian | 3093 (41) | 1.11 (1.07 to 1.15) | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.12) | <0.001 |
| Black | 28,632 (45) | 1.23 (1.21 to 1.25) | 1.24 (1.22 to 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Other races | 2797 (37) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 0.09 |
| No race info | 16,880 (39) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Not Hispanic | 101,920 (39) | Reference | ||
| Hispanic | 15,950 (36) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.93) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Others/no ethnicity info | 11,288 (41) | 1.05 (1.03 to 10.7) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | <0.001 |
| Periods | ||||
| P1 | 23,093 (47) | Reference | ||
| P2 | 12,100 (37) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.81) | 0.80 (0.79 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| P3 | 40,578 (38) | 0.80 (0.79 to 0.81) | 0.81 (0.80 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| P4 | 14,429 (35) | 0.74 (0.73 to 0.76) | 0.75 (0.74 to 0.77) | <0.001 |
| P5 | 15,102 (36) | 0.77 (0.75 to 0.78) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.81) | <0.001 |
| P6 | 23,856 (37) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.80) | 0.80 (0.79 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
N, number of patients; %, percent of patients; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; P1–6, periods 1–6. Mean age categorized per 10-year (decade) increments.
a
In the analysis, 47 patients who did not report their sex were excluded.
b
Age was expressed in 10-year increments to better show the odds ratio.