Table 4.

Study antibiotics

	Sample size			Type of antibiotics		Duration of antibiotics
	Perioperative	Prolonged	Indication for prolonged prophylaxis	Perioperative	Prolonged	Perioperative	Prolonged
Sourrouille et al.19*	76	99	Positive bile culture	Cefoxitin	Gentamicin, piperacillin, tazobactam (or ticarcillin + clavulanic acid)	Perioperative	5 days (2 days for negative IOBC)
Mohammed et al.20	128	69	Positive bile culture	Carbapenem	Tailored (IOBC)	24 h	10 days (3 days for negative IOBC)
Fathi et al.21	37	37	Positive bile culture	Third-generation cephalosporin + piperacillin, tazobactam + fluconazole	Tailored (IOBC)	24 h	10 days (3 days for negative IOBC)
Okamura et al.26	19	19	Randomization	Cefmetazole	Tailored (preoperative bile culture)	Perioperative	48 h
Yamamoto et al.27	40	42	Randomization	Cefozopran	Cefozopran	24 h	5 days
Degrandi et al.22	53	69	Year of surgery	Cefazolin	Piperacillin + tazobactam	Perioperative	5 days
Sánchez Acedo et al.18*	39	51	Preoperative biliary drainage	Cefoxitin	Piperacillin + tazobactam	Perioperative	5 days
Petit et al.23	107	42	Perioperative signs of infection	Cefuroxime	Surgeon’s preference	Perioperative	Not protocolized
Fromentin et al.24	65	81	Centre-specific	Cefazolin, cefoxitin or cefamandole	Piperacillin + tazobactam, in one centre additional dose of gentamicin	Perioperative	5 days
Droogh et al.25	219	143	Centre-specific	Cefazoline + metronidazole	Cefuroxime + metronidazole	Perioperative	5 days

Only included in qualitative analysis. IOBC, intraoperative bile culture.